The Amazing Brain Weighs about 3 pounds Major portions: Cerebrum

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Presentation transcript:

The Amazing Brain Weighs about 3 pounds Major portions: Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brainstem Made of about 100 billion neurons

The Amazing Brain Cerebrum Largest portion Higher mental functions Diencephalon Processes sensory input Brain Stem Coordinates and regulates visceral activities Cerebellum Coordinates muscle movements

Cerebrum Largest portion 2 cerebral hemispheres connected by CORPUS CALLOSUM Many convolutions to increase surface area

Cerebrum Divided into lobes Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

Cerebrum Performs higher brain functions Interpreting sensory info Coordinating muscle movement Intelligence & personality

Cerebrum Special areas control different functions Primary Motor Area (Frontal Lobe) Controls motor impulses Frontal Association Area Thinking, planning, emotions, behavior

Cerebrum C. Premotor Area (Frontal Lobe) Behavior planning Muscle movement for various actions D. Frontal Eye Field Coordinates voluntary eye movements

Cerebrum E. General Interpretive Area a.k.a. Wernicke’s Area (Temporal Lobe) Recognition of written and spoken language F. Broca’s area Coordinates muscles that create speech

Cerebrum G. Somatosensory area (Parietal Lobe) Limb position, touch sensations H. Visual Area (Occipital Lobe) Sight Identification of things we see

Hemisphere Dominance Both cerebral hemispheres function in receiving and analyzing sensory input and sending motor impulses to the opposite side of the body. Most people exhibit hemisphere dominance for the language-related activities of speech, writing, and reading.

Hemisphere Dominance 90% of the population exhibits left hemisphere dominance Some are right hemisphere dominant Some have equal dominance in both hemispheres The non-dominant hemisphere specializes in nonverbal functions and controls emotions and intuitive thinking.

Frontal Lobe Higher level functions: emotions, reasoning, problem solving, judgment, movement, creativity Parietal Lobe Somatosensory Info: touch, pain, taste, pressure Temporal Lobe Hearing and language Occipital Lobe Vision

Ventricles Interconnected cavities w/in cerebrum & brainstem Filled with CSF

Diencephalon Area between cerebral hemispheres Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic System Glands

Diencephalon Thalamus = Switchboard Directs impulses from spinal cord to correct location in brain

Diencephalon Hypothalamus: Heart rate & blood pressure Body temp. Water/salt balance Hunger/weight Movements & secretions of stomach & intestines Hormone secretion Sleep & wakefulness

Diencephalon LIMBIC SYSTEM – emotions & expression AMYGDALA Recognizes facial expressions Assesses situation and responds Primitive decision-making center Emotions

Diencephalon LIMBIC SYSTEM HIPPOCAMPUS Memory Spatial navigation

Brainstem Connects cerebrum & spinal cord Parts: Pons- breathing rate Medulla Oblongata- Heart rate, BP, Sneezing, coughing, vomitting

Cerebellum coordinates skeletal muscle activity balance equilibrium maintains posture

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