+ Religion in the Middle East

+ Judaism We know about Hebrews comes from  laws/ requirements of Judaism Five books= Torah, most sacred text Hebrew Bible is called the Old Testament in Christian Bible Abraham  God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia & polytheism  Made covenant to new home in Promised Land  Grandson Jacob had 12 sons = 12 tribes (Twelve Tribes of Israel)  Abraham, son & grandson are patriarchs or ancestral “fathers”

+ Judaism Moses  God told him to lead Israelites out of Egypt Exodus  major event in Jewish history, celebrating Passover( special meal called seder) The Ten Commandments  only one God exists, self- control, justice

+ Teachings of Judaism Most important belief is that only one God exists  monotheism Being Just= Treating other people with kindness and fairness Being Righteous= doing what is right and proper EVEN when others do not Mosaic Law  governs how Jews pray and when they worship Torah, Prophets and Writings all have recordings of sacred texts

+ Islam Islam means “achieving peace through submission to God” Muslims began to follow Muhammad Qur’an  sacred text of Islam Muslims believe that only in original Arabic language know meaning and beauty of text Five Pillars of Islam  behaviors and obligations that are common to Muslims Mosque  name of the building Muslims worship

+ Five Pillars of Islam 1- Profession of Faith 2- Performance of five daily prayers (always face Mecca) 3- Giving to charity or poor 4- Required to fast 5- Visit Mecca

+ Guidelines for Behavior Muslims not allowed to eat pork or drink alcohol Wash themselves before praying Prohibits murder, lying, and stealing jihad  ”struggle for faith”, defend the Muslim community