SUBSTANCE ABUSE Types, Forms and Side Effects By: Mrs J.Panayiotou For: Grade 7 Life Orientation

TYPES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE ILLEGAL DRUGS -Mandrax -Heroin -LSD -Marijuana -Cocaine -Ecstasy -Methamphetamine LEGAL SUBSTANCES -Tobacco -Alcohol -Prescription drugs like painkillers etc

MANDRAX

HEROIN

LSD

MARIJUANA

COCAINE

ECSTASY

METHAMPHETAMINE

TOBACCO ALCOHOL PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

SIDE EFFECTS Guess their relationship and their ages

THIS IS THE SAME PERSON!

Nobody is invincible. Not even celebrities. BEFOREAFTER

Damage is done not only to you outer appearance but more importantly it damages the most import parts of your body... The parts you cant see from the outside... The parts of our body we need to survive!

PHYSICAL EFFECTS Information taken from:

Brain Effects Addictive drugs flood the brain’s reward center with the neurotransmitter dopamine in amounts that are 2 to 10 times greater than those released during pleasurable activities. With continued use, brain chemistry changes and more of the drug is needed to produce the same euphoric experience. With some drugs, more is needed just to feel normal. When not taking the drug, users commonly experience depression that leads to compulsive drug use. Long-term substance abuse affects brain functioning, causing memory loss, learning difficulties and impaired judgment. Marijuana causes short-term memory problems. Alcohol shrinks the brain over time and increases the risk for dementia. Inhalants damage brain cells faster than any of the other substances.

Respiratory Effects Inhaled substances, including tobacco, marijuana, crack cocaine, heroin and aerosols, damage the lungs. These substances cause coughing, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and worsen asthma. In addition, heroin, narcotic pain killers and sedatives disrupt the drive to breathe and may cause respiratory arrest. Most deaths from obstructive pulmonary diseases and lung cancer are linked to smoking tobacco. Use of inhalants can cause asphyxiation as the concentration of inhaled fumes replaces the oxygen in the lungs.

Digestive Effects Alcohol causes a wide range of damaging digestive system effects, including acid reflux, liver cirrhosis and inflammation of the stomach and pancreas. Sixty percent of cases of pancreatitis result from excessive alcohol intake, reports the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Liver damage is common with use of heroin, inhalants, anabolic steroids and alcohol. Cocaine abuse can lead to painful gastric ulcers and damaging reductions in blood flow to the intestines due to powerful blood vessel constriction. Nausea and vomiting often occurs shortly after drug use, and is a symptom of heroin and prescription drug withdrawal.

Cardiovascular Effects Most abused substances have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. Heroin and prescription drug use can slow or disrupt the heart rate to the point of death. Cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy and amphetamines can cause life-threatening effects, including an irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, stroke and cardiac arrest. Tobacco smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to develop coronary heart disease than non-smoker. The risk for heart attack, stroke, circulatory problems and aneurysms is also increased for smokers.

Other Health Effects Sharing injection equipment while using heroin, cocaine, steroids and methamphetamine puts users at risk for HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Risky sexual behaviours while under the influence also contribute to an increased rates of HIV, viral hepatitis and other sexually transmitted diseases. Other health issues due to injecting drugs are collapsed veins, infections of the heart and joints, and organ damage from reduced blood flow. Alcohol increases the risk for many cancers, including the mouth, throat, stomach, liver, lungs, pancreas and bladder. Tobacco use accounts for 90 percent of all lung cancers.