Меdical and social problems of demographic processes. Demographic situation in Ukraine and modern world.

Demography the science about population (from Greek “dēmos“ - the populace, "graphein" - to write), or the statistics of population.

The statistical study of population is conducted in two basic directions:  1. Description of population on the given time (its quantity, composition, features, etc.) - the so called statistics of population;  2. Description of processes of quantity change in population - dynamics or motion of population. It consists of the physical motion of population (the changes which take place during of migrations — migratory processes) and so called natural motion of population ( the changes that take place as a result of birth-rate and death-rate and characterize the processes of recreation of population).

Top 10 countries in the World by quantity of population :  China (1,3 billion);  India (1,049 billion);  United States of America (297 million);  Indonesia (222 million);  Brazil (180 million);  Russia (142 million);  Pakistan (157 million);  Japan (127 million);  Bangladesh (149 million);  Nigeria (127 million).

By the age the population of Ukraine was distributed so:  0-14 years – 24,9 %;  years – 48,7 %;  50 years and older – 26,4 %.

Migration: By the territorial principle:  a) intergovernmental (within the limits of one continent, between the neighboring states);  b) within the limits of one state. By the duration :  permanent, when the migrants remains on a new place on the permanent residence or long time;  seasonal (move from the short duration of time, often in communication with seasonal works);  "pendulum" (daily departure of villagers on work, on studies in cities and returning in the evening to the permanent place of residence).

Natural motion or recreation of population shows, whether the existent levels of birth-rate and death rate provide the increase of population. Natural motion or recreation of population shows, whether the existent levels of birth-rate and death rate provide the increase of population. A difference between the indices of birth-rate and death rate got the name natural increasing. A difference between the indices of birth-rate and death rate got the name natural increasing.

The negative natural increase of population in Ukraine in 90th is the result of the combined action: low birth-rate; high death rate; unfavorable age structure.

The basic demographic indicators birth-rate, death rate, natural increase, average duration of life death rate of babies

TYPES OF DOCUMENTS, WHICH DESIGN AT BIRTH OF CHILD "Medical birth certificate" (form № 103/r- 95) "Medical certificate about the stay of child under surveillance of medical establishment" (form №103-1/r-96) Journalize the account of new-born (f. № 152/r) Birth certificate

General index of birth-rate (frequency of birth-rate) = Number of born alive per year × 1000 Average annual quantity of population Special index of birth-rate = Number of born alive per year × 1000 Number of women in age of years

Except for the above-mentioned such special indices are used:  the total index of recreation of population - the number of the children born by a woman during the fertile period of her life (15-49 years);  the brutto-coefficient of recreation - the number of the girls born by a woman in age of years;  the netto-coefficient, or the cleared index of recreation - the amount of the girls born in the middle by one woman for all reproductive period of her life, that attained age, which a woman at their birth was in.

General index of death rate = Number of deceased for the year × 1000 Average annual quantity of population

The special indices of death rate a death rate for the article (at men and women) a death rate after age (in separate age groups) a death rate after reasons (from separate classes, groups and nosology forms of diseases).

Structure of death rate of child's population (0-14 years) The first places are occupied by the states which arose up in perinatal period (40,2 ‰) On the second place in the structure of general death rate of children are the innate anomalies (30,7 %). On the second place are accidents, traumas and poisonings (7,6 ‰). Among these reasons greater part is made by the cases of death of children in accidents. Illnesses of organs of breathing, infectious and vermin diseases, Illness of the nervous system and sense-organs

Calculation of level of death rate of babies Level of death rate of babies = Number of deceased under the age of 1 year from the generation of the current year × Number of deceased under the age of 1 year from a generation of the last year × 1000 Number of children which were born living in a current year Number of children who were born living in the last year The neonatal death rate Number of children who died during the first 28 complete days of life 1000 Number of born living in a current year A death rate in an early neonatal period Number of deceased during 7 days (168 hours life) 1000 Number of born living in a current year

Main groups of factors that influence on the formation of death rate the age The character of feeding The parent’s health The quality of health care The state of environm ent The way of life Abortion s anamnes is Obstetric- gynecologi cal Pediatric anamnesis

Among the reasons which stipulate worsening of demographic situation in Ukraine in 90th, scientists mark : economic destabilization; decline of standard of life of singeing majority of population; degradation of social sphere; catastrophic worsening of the state of environment; sharpening of crimatogenic situation.

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