Community Health  Primary care physician- medical doctors who provide physical checkups and general care  Specialists- medical doctors trained to handle particular kinds of patients or medical conditions  Ex: Allergist, Dermatologist, Gynecologist, Neurologist, Oncologist, Ophthalmologist, Orthodontist, Orthopedist, Pediatrician, Psychiatrist, Urologist

Facilities  Private Practice- Physicians work for themselves, have an office and see people on outpatient basis  Clinics- Community base clinic and see patients on outpatient basis  Group Practice- same as private just two or more share office  Hospice- provide care for terminally ill

Facilities  Hospitals- inpatient and out of patient care, some physicians work in, and private and group practices only there when needed  Emergency rooms- located in hospital, provide care for life-threatening illnesses or injuries  Urgent Care Centers- handle emergencies that are not life threatening, go here if don’t have a primary care physcian

Medical History  Medical history- complete and comprehensive information about your immunizations and any health problems you have had up to date, and family history  Doctor needs to know medical history to provide the best possible care  3 things patient should do to receive best care is write down reason for going, ask questions about diagnoses, and inform them of allergies

Health Agencies  Public health- community wide effort to monitor and promote the welfare of the population, live a healthier longer life due to this  Local level is the health departments- focus on disease prevention, oversee water, sewage, waste disposal, and sanitation at restaurants  Nonprofit agencies- provide health promotion services in communities EX: March of Dimes, Red Cross

Health Agencies  National Level:  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- responsible for protecting the country’s air, water, and land; regulates disposal of hazardous waste, municipal water supplies, and treatment and discharge of waste water  Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)- works to prevent injuries at work  United States Department of Agriculture- leads federal antihunger effort with food stamps and school lunch programs  National Institute of Health- conduct medical research and provide funding for medical research

Health Agencies  National Level-  Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- Ensures the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics  International organization that provides emergency aid is Red Cross  World Health Organization (WHO)- function at global and international level and provide programs to explain prevention and warning signs of communicable diseases

Environmental Health  Air quality Index (AQI)- an index reporting daily air quality; 0 to 50 is no health risk, 51 to 100 is moderate risk, unhealthy for sensitive groups, unhealthy, very unhealthy, hazardous  Air pollution- contamination of the earth’s atmosphere by substances that pose a health threat to living things  Air pollution is linked to 50,000 to 120,000 premature deaths each year  Smog- yellow-brown haze that forms when sunlight reacts with air pollution  Ozone- is the gas component of 30 atoms is major component of smog at ground level

Environmental Health  Asbestos- fibrous mineral that has fireproof properties; found in old insulation usually causing indoor air pollution  Radon- odorless, radioactive gas; it is produced by the natural breakdown of soil, rocks, and water; this usually seeps through cracks in foundation to the house  Household radon levels can’t be reduced by decreasing amount of indoor-outdoor air exchange  Indoor air pollution also comes from household cleaning products  Lead poisoning causes damage to kidney, liver, brain, and nerves  Noise pollution measured in decibels  Decibel- unit used to express the relative intensity of loudness of sound

Environmental Health  Biodegradable waste- able to be broken down by microorganisms in the environment  Hazardous waste- substance that is explosive, corrosive, highly reactive, or toxic to humans or other life forms; created by everyone, ex: paint, batteries, motor oil; most of these banned from landfills and must be disposed of at special collection sites

Environmental Health  40% of water is unsafe for recreation  Water discharged into lake or river that has increased temperature than normal causes thermal pollution  Urban sprawl can cause increased air pollution, increased water pollution, and increased runoff  Leakage from landfills can seep into and contaminate ground water supplies  Turning off the water while brushing teeth or shaving can save 4.5 gallons of water per minute  Deforestation- destruction of forests  Wastewater- water that comes from homes, communities, farms, and businesses

Environmental Health  Donating unneeded household goods is precycling  Recycling conserves resources, energy, and raw materials  Conservation can be promoted by individuals, government agencies, and organizations  Protection and preservation of environment by managing natural resources is conservation

Environmental Health  Paper, plastic, aluminum are all recyclable  Precycling is reducing waste before it is generated  Processing waste material to use again in another form is recycling  Precycling and recycling conserve natural resources  Reusing a product is an example of precycling  Making a can from recycled aluminum uses less energy than making from raw materials  How does recycling help the environment?  Reduce landfills, conserves resources, protects environmental health