TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS A CASE OF MODERN SLAVERY 1

3 rd largest criminal activity $7-$10 billion industry Sexual and labor exploitation, illegal adoption, child soldiering, organ harvesting Force, coercion, fraud, deception, and sale WHAT IS HUMAN TRAFFICKING? 2

SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM 3

600,000 – 800,000 yearly 80% female 50% children Every region and most countries affected SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM 4

Poverty and despair Effects of globalization Gender inequality War and transition High demand Large, low-risk profits Inadequate, disinterested or complicit law enforcement ROOT CAUSES 5

Deprivation of human rights Severe global health risk Fuels organized crime Undermines rule of law WHY DOES TRAFFICKING MATTER? 6

Prevention Prosecution Protection: –Rescue –Recovery –Reintegration Target supply, demand and trafficking STRATEGIC RESPONSE 7

Requires criminalization of trafficking Broad definition: –Recruit, transport, transfer, harbor, or receive –By threat, force, coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power –For sexual exploitation, forced labor, slavery, servitude, or organ removal Consent irrelevant if such means used Means not required if child involved Provisions of Organized Crime Convention apply U.N. TRAFFICKING PROTOCOL 8

Protection and assistance to victims –Safety and privacy –Physical, psychological and social recovery –Legal information and access –Temporary or permanent immigration status –Compensation mechanisms –Facilitate repatriation U.N. TRAFFICKING PROTOCOL 9

Prevention –Research and information campaigns –Social and economic initiatives to improve opportunity and discourage demand –International cooperation and information exchange –Strengthen border and document controls U.N. TRAFFICKING PROTOCOL 10

Rights of the Child Convention Protocols on: –Sale, Prostitution and Child Pornography –Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict ILO Convention on Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention on Discrimination Against Women WOMEN AND CHILDREN 11

14,500 – 17,500 per year East Asia/Pacific, Latin America and Eastern Europe Sweatshops, agriculture, domestics, sexual exploitation, illegal adoption TRAFFICKING TO THE U.S. 12

Additional offenses: forced labor; labor and sex trafficking; destruction or confiscation of travel or identity documents; sex tourism Increased penalties Forfeit of instruments and proceeds Predicate offenses for RICO “T”-visas for cooperative victims Exclusion of significant traffickers U.S. APPROACH – ENFORCMENT 13

Info on rights and assistance Physical safety Training officials Assistance as if refugee Restitution and damages Reintegration U.S. APPROACH – PROTECTION 14

TIP Report Economic opportunities Education & training Awareness Interdiction Interagency, international and NGO cooperation Zero tolerance policies U.S. APPROACH – PREVENTION 15

Signs of potential trafficking schemes Evidence of holding people against will Physical, psychological and social indications of exploitation Reports: hotlines, police, embassies & NGOs RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING 16

Recovery of victims requires time and help Often distrustful of officials and unaware of rights Keys: safety, privacy, cultural awareness, assistance RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING 17

CONCLUSION -Modern form of slavery -Women and children -Targets: supply, demand, traffickers, beneficiaries -Requires cooperative, comprehensive, victim- centered response -You can help 18

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