1.03 Identify significant people and events in the history of the sports and entertainment marketing industry.

P.T. Barnum  Developed the Barnum and Bailey Circus promoting it as “The Greatest Show on Earth.”  Earliest US millionaires  Had a New York newspaper run his obituary in advance so that he could read it himself. He passed away two weeks later.

William (Bill) H.G. France Sr.  Founded National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR)  Founded International Speedway Corporation (ISC) – owns and/or operates:  Talladega Superspeedway  Daytona International Speedway

William (Bill) H.G. France Sr. continued...  Michigan International Speedway  California Speedway  Homestead-Miami Speedway  Phoenix International Raceway  Richmond International Raceway  Darlington Raceway  North Carolina Speedway  Kansas Speedway

Walt Disney  Created Mickey Mouse in Steamboat Willie which was the first fully synchronized cartoon. Disney was the voice of Mickey – formerly known as Mortimer Mouse. His wife suggested he change the name to Mickey Mouse.  Produced the first feature-length cartoon – Snow White.

Walt Disney continued...  Opened Disneyland in Anaheim, California in  Developed Disney World in Orlando, Florida in (First of the four parks.)  Developed the “Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow” (EPCOT)  Died prior to seeing any of his plans completed.  Upon his death, his empire worth over $100 million.

Charlie Chaplin  Slap-stick comedy  Widely recognized movie stars  Character wore:  Baggy pants  Tight coat  Large shoes on the wrong feet  Black derby hat  Turned film comedy into an art form  1915, signed with Essanay for $1,250/week to make 14 films

Lucille Ball  Actor, musician, comedian, model, & producer  Emmy awards:  1952: Best Comedienne  1955: Best Actress in a Continuing Performance, I Love Lucy  1967& 1968: Outstanding Lead Actress in Comedy Series, I Love Lucy

Lucille Ball continued...  One of televisions first leading ladies  The man served as supporting role  Helped to advance career of many Latino performers  Husband: Desi Arnez, Cuban bandleader

Steven Spielberg  Director and producer  Films include:  Jurassic Park I-III  Men in Black I & II  Shrek  Schindler‘s List  E.T., The Extra-Terrestrial  Jaws  The Color Purple

Steven Spielberg continued...  Commercial tie-in  Reeses Pieces in E.T., The Extra- Terrestrial

Louis Armstrong  Revolutionized jazz  Put the soloist to the front of the band, emphasizing talent  Played the cornet and trumpet, sang and led the band  Wrote “Hello Dolly” and “What a Wonderful Life”

The Beatles  Included: George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey)  Early members included: Stuart Sutcliffe and Peter Best  Created first concept album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band  1970, band split  1980, Lennon murdered

Elvis Presley  Sold over 1 billion records worldwide  131 different albums/singles to achieve gold, platinum or multi-platinum status  Revolutionized television performances  On the Ed Sullivan show: record-breaking, hip shaking, scandal making performance  Caused a nation-wide scandal  Many advertisers reconsidered their support of Presley

Elvis Presley continued...  Pioneered “rock and roll”  Actor; movies included: Blue Hawaii, Jailhouse Rock, and King Creole

Oprah Winfrey  Baltimore Talk show: People Are Talking  Chicago Morning talk show, A.M. Chicago  1986 launched the Oprah Winfrey Show  Grossed $125 million by end of first year

Oprah Winfrey continued...  Production company Harpo Productions  Oprah spelled backwards  Privately syndicating her show allowed her to make more money  “Oprah Book Club”  1999 – Oxygen channel  Magazine: O: The Oprah Magazine

Pioneers in the Sports Marketing Industry

Michael Jordan  Greatest player ever to play basketball  Nike and NBA marketed him as “Air Jordan”  Minor league baseball with Birmingham Barons, the Double A affiliate of Chicago White Sox

Michael Jordan continued...  Movie Space Jam  President of Basketball Operations for the Washington Wizards  Endorses products including:  Nike  Gatorade  Sara Lee Corporation’s Hanes brand clothier  Rayovac  Chevrolet

Mildred “Babe” Didrickson Zaharias  Greatest female athlete of all time  Female Athlete of the Year six times

Mildred “Babe” Didrickson Zaharias continued...  Sports included:  Basketball, track, golf, baseball, tennis, swimming, diving, boxing, volleyball, handball, bowling, billiards, skating, cycling  First female athlete to sign an endorsement contract  Wilson Sporting Goods  $100,000

Jack “Jackie” Roosevelt Robinson  First student to letter in four sports at UCLA  Baseball  Basketball  Football  Track & field  Professional football for Los Angeles Bulldogs

Jack “Jackie” Roosevelt Robinson continued...  Broke Major League Baseball color barrier – offered contract to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers  Won National League batting title and Most Valuable Player awards  Former President of Chock Full O’Nuts – restaurant and coffee company

Jackie Joyner-Kersee  Basketball scholarship at UCLA  Cover of Sports Illustrated – labeled “Super Woman”  First female to be named The Sporting News Man of the Year

George “Babe” Herman Ruth Jr.  Baseball’s first “great slugger”  Called “Bambino” & “The Sultan of Swat”  “Babe” came from Jack Dunn, former manager of the Baltimore Orioles  Orioles sold his contract to the Boston Red Sox and then sold to the New York Yankees

George “Babe” Herman Ruth Jr. continued...  Yankee Stadium is considered “The House that Ruth Built”  Associated Press Athlete of the Century  Member of ESPN’s Sport Century/Athletes of the Century  Voted Greatest Baseball player of all- time by the Sporting News

Cassius Clay  Self-promoted as “I am the Greatest!”  Won Gold Medal – Olympics – Light Heavyweight division  Defeated Sonny Liston to become the World Heavyweight Champion

Cassius Clay continued...  Joined Nation of Islam – changed name to Muhammed Ali  Refused to join the Army. Was stripped of boxing title and license. The Supreme Court reversed the conviction.  “Rumble in the Jungle” in Kinshasa, Zaire – defeated George Foreman to regain the World Heavyweight Championship.  “Thrilla in Manilla” – defeated Joe Frazier  Lit the torch at Olympic Summer Games in Atlanta, GA

Max Muhleman  Founded Muhleman Marketing Inc. in Charlotte  Clients include: Anheuser-Busch, Coca- Cola, and DuPont  Created permanent seat license  Helped Charlotte to acquire the Charlotte Hornets and the Carolina Panthers

Vince McMahon  Born Pinehurst, NC  Graduated from East Carolina University  1982 – purchased Capitol Wrestling from father, later called World Wrestling Federation  Called professional wrestling “sports entertainment”  Battled World Wildlife Fund to keep WWF. Courts ruled against the World Wrestling Federation.  Changed name to World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)

Examine the Evolution of Sports and Entertainment Marketing

Student Response  Students will use class time to copy the Evolution of Sports marketing Facts in the following slides. -If you do not finish, it is your responsibility to complete them for homework the next school day

Sports Marketing  1858 – Fans paid to attend a baseball game between two teams in the New York City area at Fashion Rack Course in Queens.  1906 – National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) was officially formed to govern collegiate athletics.  1934 – Lou Gehrig appeared on a Wheaties box.

Sports Marketing  1943 – All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was formed due to many Major League Baseball players serving in WWII.  1949 – Wilson Sporting Goods signed golfer Babe Didrickson Zaharias to an endorsement contract for $100,000 per year.

Sports Marketing  1964 – Phil Knight opens Blue Ribbon Sports. In 1972, the name is changed to Nike.  1972 – Title IX is enacted, mandating equal access to educational opportunities for men and women.  1973 – Rich Foods pays $60,000/year for the naming rights to the Buffalo Bills football stadium.

Sports Marketing  1980 – The US boycotts the Summer Olympics in Moscow.  1984 – The Olympics becomes commercialized. Peter Ueberoth helps to make the Olympics profitable.  1996 – Olympic Park in Atlanta, GA is bombed.

Entertainment Marketing  – Introduction of outdoor entertainment including bowling, primitive amusement rides, music and dancing.  1919 – Development of recording of sound on motion picture film.  1920 – First commercial radio stations with regularly scheduled broadcasts.

Entertainment Marketing  1926 – RCA established the National Broadcasting Company (NBC)  1927 – Farnsworth transmits first electronic television picture; receives patent.  1927 – The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) is founded.

Entertainment Marketing  1929 – The Stock Market Crash leads to the Great Depression closing nearly three-fourths of amusement parks.  1939 – First television is sold.  1948 – Televisions are in over one million homes.  1951 – Color television is introduced.

Entertainment Marketing  1955 – Disneyland in Anaheim, California opens costing $17 million to build.  3.8 million visitors come the first year  1960 – Over 100 million television sets are in homes around the world.  1961 – Six Flags opens in Texas  First regional theme park

Entertainment Marketing  1971 – The Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida opens costing $375 million the build  1980 – CNN, the first all news network, is launched by Turner Cable Network  1980 – Prince Charles and Diana Spencer are married on international television

Entertainment Marketing  1981 – First IBM Personal Computers are available for retail sales  1981 – MTV debuts  1982 – Michael Jackson’s “Thriller” sells 20 million albums  Largest selling record ever  1983 – First compact disc is released

Entertainment Marketing  1985 – Nintendo home entertainment system is introduced  1989 – Time and Warner merge to become Time Warner Inc.  1995 – First television program delivered via the Internet (webcast)  1997 – Princess Diana is killed in an automobile accident