1 RtI Math How did this get started? What is your role? Connecting RtI to the CCSS

History IDEA (2004) – states were allowed and encouraged to explore RtI as an alternative to formally identifying students with specific learning disabilities (SLDs). Most of the effort and research concentrated in the area of reading. NCLB and Reading First impact …

3 Another Challenge Math Now: Advancing Math Education in Elementary and Middle School February 2006 (Archived) Lot of $Lot of talk

Defined RtI is the practice of providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student need, monitoring progress frequently to make decisions about changes in instruction or goals and applying child response data to important educational decisions (NASDSE, 2005). RtI is an assessment and intervention process for systematically monitoring student progress and making decisions about the need for instructional modifications or increasingly intensified services using progress monitoring data (NRCLD, 2006).

5 IES – Practice Guide You should know about this…

6 Recommendations Screen all students to identify those at risk for potential mathematics difficulties and provide interventions to students identified as at risk. 2. Instructional materials for students receiving interventions should focus intensely on in-depth treatment of whole numbers in kindergarten through grade 5 and on rational numbers in grades 4 through Instruction during the intervention should be explicit and systematic. This includes providing models of proficient problem solving, verbalization of thought processes, guided practice, corrective feedback, and frequent cumulative review. 4. Interventions should include instruction on solving word problems that is based on common underlying structures.

7 Recommendations Intervention materials should include opportunities for students to work with visual representations of mathematical ideas and interventionists should be proficient in the use of visual representations of mathematical ideas. 6. Interventions at all grade levels should devote about 10 minutes in each session to building fluent retrieval of basic arithmetic facts. 7. Monitor the progress of students receiving supplemental instruction and other students who are at risk. 8. Include motivational strategies in tier 2 and tier 3 interventions. IES Practice Guide – RtI and Mathematics – on line and free!!!

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What do you do? How do you do it? 10

The Tiers…nationally Typically 3 Tiers… IN THE CLASSROOM Tier 1 – core instruction that all receive with differentiation for struggling students. Tier 2 – tier 1+; almost always includes an increasing in instructional time. This tier involves the addition of additional instructional opportunities that supplement, enhance, and support the tier 1 effort. (~15% of a student population). OUTSIDE OF THE CLASSROOM Tier 3 – most intensive; outside of the classroom (no more than 5% of a student population)

Assessment Screening - Identify students at risk: –Brief, efficient –All students 3 times a year Progress Monitoring - Monitor progress of students who have been identified –Brief, efficient –Administered regularly throughout the year –Determines if the intervention is working or not. –Tier 2 – every other week –Tier 3 – weekly Gersten, Dimino, Hammon (Brookes, 2011)

Planning and Implementing The success of RtI hinges on the involvement of the professionals involved working as a team; Regardless of the tier level, collaboration between the classroom teacher and the rest of the RtI team is essential. The role of the mathematics instructional leader and interventionist?

14 Adapting Instruction Scaffolding – teacher supports provided Time needed to learn – more! Time students will stay on task – less! Homework - important

RtI Screening Considerations Readiness a.Generally proficient with prior concepts and skills: _____ b.Usually needs to review topics: _____ c.Lacks prerequisites: _____ Rate of Learning a.Seems to be a fast learner: _____ b.Adequate: _____ c.Needs more time than most: _____ Attention Span a.Stays focused: _____ b.Needs to be told to pay attention: _____ c.Rarely on task: ____ 15 Kanold, Briars, and Fennell, 2011

Real Issues when planning for RtI Staffing a.How will you staff Tier 3 intervention initiatives? b.Will the ELL specialist, special education faculty or math interventionist have the necessary mathematics and mathematics education background? Funding a.Will support for RtI come from Title I, special education funding, or other sources. b.Are community resources available to support an after-school RtI initiative? c.Does the school district support specific programs for talented students in mathematics? 16

17 Don’t forget: Intervention - many students benefit Struggling students (typically) Absentees Take this beyond how we typically think of RtI and think about mathematically talented students, as a challenging supplement to a standard instructional program.

RtI – A Content Window Elementary

Domains K-2 Counting and Cardinality Operations and Algebraic Thinking Number and Operations in Base Ten Measurement and Data Geometry 3-5 Operations and Algebraic Thinking Number and Operations in Base Ten Number and Operations - Fractions Measurement and Data Geometry 19

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Pencasts and RtI Consider each of the following pencasts – we will examine the following: Diagnosis in each situation RtI thoughts The Birthday Party (Number and Operations - Fractions) bin/WebObjects/LDApp.woa/wa/MLSOverviewPage?sid=RR4 dmk6Fqq1n My Dad taught me... (Number and Operations in Base Ten) bin/WebObjects/LDApp.woa/wa/MLSOverviewPage?sid=F70 dxMPX9fRd

22 Taking a look at Student misconceptions… How do we know what they are? How do we actually “diagnose” student misconceptions? Some identified misconceptions from the Birthday Party Pencast include: percent, unable to determine the value whole and parts, graphs, fraction parts related to sets, circle graph, vocabulary, region fractions compared to sets

From PARCC* Major Clusters (e.g. grade 3 – there are 7) Supporting Clusters (e.g. grade 3 – there are 2) Additional Clusters (e.g. grade 3 – there are 2) *PARCC Model Content Framework for Mathematics (2011)

Interview Protocol 24

25 Grade 4 Operations and Algebraic Thinking –Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve problems –Gain familiarity with factors and multiples –Generate and analyze patterns Number and Operations in Base Ten –Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit whole numbers –Use place value understanding and properties of operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic using the standard algorithm for addition and subtraction

26 Grade 4 (cont.) Number and Operations - Fractions –Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and ordering. –Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and extending previous understandings of operations on whole numbers. –Understand decimal notation for fractions and compare decimal fractions.

27 A Possible Focus Recognizing understanding as points of intersection between CCSS expectations (standards) and the mathematical practices. –A sense of number, place value, etc. –Basic Facts –Multiplication and Division –Fractions 27

28 RtI Challenges Providing Opportunities in Mathematics. Defining the Tiers. NOT thinking of RtI as a deficit model! RtI as a “lifeline.” Source: National Center on Response to Intervention (rti4success.org)