current 8/29/08 Welcome to SCIE 0910

Why do we study science? Need a basic understanding of science current 8/29/08 Need a basic understanding of science Difference between science and technology Science = process to understand and explain the natural world Technology = application of scientific principles Helps us to make informed decisions Using the Scientific Method to approach a problem and find a reasonable solution.

To be successful in the study of science; you must…. Identify and locate information to be learned Organize the information so it can be learned efficiently and effectively Interpret the spoken, written and symbolic language of science Use and apply the information you have learned.

The Learning Pyramid Lecture Study Sessions Lecture Lecture & Lab current 8/29/08 Lecture Listen Study Sessions Read Lecture Audiovisual Lecture & Lab Demonstration Study Sessions Discussion group Lab Practice by doing Study Sessions Teach others or immediate use Lab

current 8/29/08 Why SCIE 0910? To introduce you to skills that will make you more successful in future science classes Chemistry Biology Physics

Review of Math Principles current 8/29/08 Review of Math Principles

Addition Sum of 2 or more numbers called addends 2 + 4 = 4 + 2 current 8/29/08 Addition Sum of 2 or more numbers called addends 2 + 4 = 4 + 2

current 8/29/08 Addition of numbers w/different signs (a good understanding is needed when we work with numbers expressed in Scientific Notation) 4 + 2 = 6 -4 + (- 2)= -6 -4 + 2 = -2

Combine numbers w/same sign current 8/29/08 Combine numbers w/same sign 4 + (-5) + (-3) + 7 +(-9) = (-5) + (-3) + (-9) = -17 4 + 7 = 11 Finish the problem: -17+11 = -6 OR 11 + (-17) = -6

current 8/29/08 Subtraction 4 – (-2) = 4 + 2 = 6 4 – (+2) = 4 -2 = 2

current 8/29/08 -4 – (+2) = -4 – 2 = -6 -4 – (-2) = -2 -4 + 2 = -2

8 x 4 = 32 (positives) (-6) x (-3) = 18 (-2) x 4 = -8 Multiplying current 8/29/08 Multiplying 8 x 4 = 32 (positives) (-6) x (-3) = 18 (negative x negative = positive) (-2) x 4 = -8 negative x positive = negative

(-2) x 5 x (-3) x 4 = (-2 x 5) x (-3) x 4 = (-10) x (-3) x 4 = current 8/29/08 More than one number (-2) x 5 x (-3) x 4 = (-2 x 5) x (-3) x 4 = (-10) x (-3) x 4 = (-10) x (-12) = 120

current 8/29/08 4 x 3 x 7 x (-3) = 12 x 7 x (-3) = 12 x (-21) = - 252

Dividing Signed Numbers current 8/29/08 Dividing Signed Numbers 16 ÷ 2 = 8 (-64) ÷ (-8) = 8 Same signs = positive answer

different signs = negative answer current 8/29/08 210 ÷ (-42) = -5 (-77) ÷ 11 = -7 different signs = negative answer

Fractions Way of representing the division of a “whole” into “parts” 1 current 8/29/08 Fractions Way of representing the division of a “whole” into “parts” 1 2 The numerator expresses how many “parts” The denominator expresses the total number of parts. numerator denominator

Proper Fraction A proper fraction has a value less than one The numerator is smaller than the denominator.

Properties of Fractions Value of a fraction is not altered if numerator and denominator are multiplied Or divided

Multiplying Fractions current 8/29/08 Multiplying Fractions By a whole number: 2 3 2 X 6 3 X 1 12 3 4 = = 6 = X

Multiplying Fractions current 8/29/08 Multiplying Fractions By another fraction: 2 15 2 x 15 30 15 3 16 3 x 16 48 24 X = = =

current 8/29/08 Dividing Fractions 1 1 ÷ = 2 4 becomes 4 1 x = 2 2 1

Adding Fractions 1 + 1 = 2 which reduces to 1 2 2 2 current 8/29/08 Adding Fractions Need to be equivalent fractions to add correctly Numerators are added Denominators stay the same 1 + 1 = 2 which reduces to 1 2 2 2

Adding Fractions Denominator must be the same current 8/29/08 Adding Fractions Denominator must be the same Usually is the least common denominator (LCD) Change to equivalent fractions EX: ½ + ¼ = 2 2 2 4 2 1 2 + 1 3 4 4 4 4 = X = + =

Subtracting – same rules as for addition current 8/29/08 Subtracting – same rules as for addition 1/3 – 1/4 = Determine LCD: 1/3 x 4/4 = 4/12 1/4 x 3/3 = 3/12 Answer: 4/12 - 3/12 = 1/12