Animals Exhibit Behavior innate behavior - a behavior that is pre-programmed into an organisms genes, no learning is required learned behavior - a behavior that is not pre-programmed into an organisms genes, learning this behavior is required. However, the ability to learn requires genes. social behavior - a behavior that includes the interaction between organisms. Can be learned or innate.

Suckling Innate Behavior an innate behavior where mammals receive milk from their mothers

Migration Innate Behavior. an innate behavior where organisms move long distances seasonally to find food or bread Immigration / Emigration

Hibernation Innate Behavior an innate behavior where organisms sleep through the winter to conserve energy This requires storing food in the den or storing energy as fat. Slow metabolism

Estivation Innate Behavior an innate behavior where organisms sleep through long hot dry times to conserve water and energy

Circadian Rhythms Innate Behavior an innate behavior where organisms remain fixed to an internal clock. Some animals are nocturnal.

Taxis Innate Behavior Moving towards something it needs to survive. Phototaxis – organisms moving toward the light.

Imprinting Learned Behavior or Innate Behavior? The first thing a newborn sees will be imprinted as its “mother”. The chicks will follow the “mother” everywhere. Scientists can get chicks to imprint them as the “mother”. The chicks will follow the scientist around.

Habituation Learned Behavior. The organism stops responding to a stimuli in the environment. The bear will be naturally afraid of humans, but when it gets food near humans and comes into contact frequently it is no longer afraid.

Habituation Learned Behavior. The organism stops responding to a stimuli in the environment. The chick sees a shadow and dives into the nest thinking it is a raptor. Over time it learns to ignore some shadows because they are harmless.

Operant Conditioning Learned Behavior. Associate an abnormal behavior with a reward or consequence. Rat rings a bell and gets food when the green light is lit. Rat gets shocked when the red light is lit.

Classical Conditioning Learned Behavior Pavlov’s Dog Associate an abnormal stimulus with a normal behavior.

Trial and Error Learned Behavior. The organism keeps trying and failing until it learns to do it right.

Courtship Social Behaviors Behaviors that animals do to impress a mate. Male “Birds of Paradise” have many feathers and dances to court a mate.

Territorial Defense Social Behavior. Animals will fight to keep other animals out of its territory. This maintains the food and mate supply. Male Siamese fighting fish will fight to the death.

Communication Social Behavior. Pheromones – chemical signals that can be detected and used for communication. Ants leave a pheromone trail for other ants to follow. Dancing – bees dance to tell other bees where the good flowers are. Sounds – Animals will use sounds to warn of danger, cry for a mother, or talk to each other.

How do innate behavior patterns function as adaptations for animals How do innate behavior patterns function as adaptations for animals? Give some examples in your answers.

How are learned behaviors of greater adaptive value than innate behaviors? What is the value of learning?