Final Exam Review “Funny, these look just like my flashcards…wonder if those are important?”

Society, Art, Geography, Language, Religion, Economy, Politics, Customs 8 Elements of Culture

The mixing of two or more cultures together – may form a new culture Cultural Diffusion

The coexistence of elements from a variety of cultures within a single culture Cultural Diversity

Urban Setting, Writing system, Organized Economy, and Organized Government Elements of a Civilization

The change from hunting and gathering (nomadic) to herding and farming Neolithic Revolution

Egypt (Nile) Sumer (Tigris and Euphrates) India (Indus) China (Huang He) River Valley Civilizations

First written set of laws which came from the Babylonian’s – “eye for an eye” Hammurabi’s Code

Transportation, food supply, fertile soil, water for irrigation Why ancient civilizations developed by rivers

Worshipped spirits of nature (Africa) Animism

Nature spirits called Kami exist in all things (Japan) Shintoism

Caste system, polytheistic, reincarnation, Karma, Dharma (India) Hinduism

Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, end worldly desires (Asia from India) Buddhism

Follow The Way of nature and accept the things that you cannot change (China) Taoism

5 Relationships, filial piety, set up civil service exams (China) Confucianism

Monotheistic, suffered Diaspora, Ten Commandments, Old Testament only Judaism

Monotheistic, created by the birth and death of Jesus, Ten Commandments, whole Bible Christianity

Monotheistic, developed by Mohammed, Five Pillars of Faith Islam

Line of ruling families in China, belief that those families held a Mandate of Heaven Dynasty

As a result of mountainous terrain in Greece, these consisted of a city and its surrounding area City – States

Free men in Athens vote directly on all issues Direct Democracy

Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture created by Alexander the Great Hellenistic Culture

Roman government in which elected representatives decide on important issues Republican Democracy

200 years of Roman Peace that began with Augustus Caesar – Golden age of Rome Pax Romana

Written laws of Rome, basis for our legal system today Twelve Tables

Justinian’s Code, Hagia Sophia, preserved Greek and Roman culture, Constantinople Byzantine Empire

Out of Mecca and into Asia, Africa and Europe, preserved and improved classic culture Muslim Empire

Feudal society, Code of Bushido, isolationist and ethnocentric Tokugawa Shogunate

Largest empire, Genghis and Kublai Khan, ruled China and Russia, Marco Polo Muslim Empire

Gold-Salt trade, Mansa Musa, Ghana-Mali- Songhai, Ibn Battuta, became Islamic West African Empires

Created complex civilizations apart from the rest of the world in Meso- America Inca – Maya - Aztec

Like the Code of Bushido in Japan, was a guide of behavior for knights in Middle Ages Europe Chivalry

Spread by fleas on rats, killed 1/3 of Europeans by human interaction, loss of faith in church Bubonic Plague

Locally run “government” system of Middle Ages – based on manorialism and rigid class system Feudalism

Huge churches with flying buttresses, stained glass windows, visually praises glory of God Gothic Architecture

Series of Holy Wars to reclaim Holy Land from Muslims, huge impact on trade, ends feudalism Crusades

Intellectual and artistic movement during Renaissance that focused on everyday life Humanism

Wealthy people who sponsored artists such as the Medici family in Florence Patrons

Most important invention in history, made books available to the masses Printing Press

Economic relationship between mother country and colonies – make money for mother country Mercantilism

Named after Columbus, global exchange of products: food, animals, language, diseases Columbian Exchange

Attempt by some Europeans to reform or change the Roman Catholic Church Reformation

When monarchs ruled with absolute power, supported by Divine Right Absolutism

Selling forgiveness of sins and salvation, the main reason Luther was upset with the Church Indulgences

Theory that the Earth travels around the sun, supported by Copernicus and Galileo Heliocentric Theory

A change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions using science, not faith Scientific Revolution

Society viewed political ideas through natural laws instead of divine belief Enlightenment

Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire Enlightenment Thinkers

Copernicus, Galileo, Newton, Descartes Scientific Revolution Thinkers