SOL 5 Ancient Greece

Greece Physical geography of the Aegean Basin shaped the economic, social, & political development of Greece. The expansion of Greek civilization through trade & colonization, led to the spread of Hellenistic culture across the Mediterranean.

Geography Located on the Balkan and Peloponnesus peninsula You SHOULD be able to locate Athens, Sparta, and Macedonia

Economic, Social, & Political Development Limited arable land due to mountains Commerce & the spread of Hellenic culture Shifted from a barter economy to money economy The Mountainous terrain created separate city-states. Isolated the cities; made them independent. Greek cities were designed to promote civic & commercial life Poor farm land and overpopulation caused them to colonize in search of arable (farmable) land

Religion Greek Mythology The important gods Polytheistic Offered explanations on: Natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events The important gods Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, Aphrodite Hint: If it is NOT a name of a planet, then it’s probably Greek. Symbols & images in Western literature, art & architecture

Social Athens – Direct Democracy Sparta- Oligarchy All citizens were FREE ADULT MALES who had political rights and civic (government) responsibility NO women, slaves, or foreigners allowed!

Athens Evolution of Government: Important people are Draco and Solon Monarchy to Aristocracy to Tyranny to Direct Democracy Important people are Draco and Solon They were Tyrants who pushed for reform (Change) Known for Direct Democracy , Public debate, & duties of the citizen

Sparta Government style was an OLIGARCHY Means rule by a small group of people Very militaristic and aggressive *Remember the movie 300

Persian Wars Persia v. Athens and Sparta (United) Important battles Marathon and Salamis Result Greece won, which allowed Athens to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government and culture Also known as the Golden Age of Pericles

Peloponnesian War Athens (Delian League) v. Sparta (Peloponnesian League) Sparta won Result- slowing of culture and weakening of political power in Greece

Golden Age of Pericles When? What happened? Mostly between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars What happened? Pericles extended democracy Athens is rebuilt (Parthenon)

Important People Aeschylus and Sophocles—Drama Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) – Poetry Herodotus and Thucydides – History Phidias – Sculpture Archimedes and Hippocrates (Medicine) – Science Euclid and Pythagoras – Mathematics Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle (SPA) - Philosophy

Parthenon

Macedonia and Hellenistic culture Philip II King of Macedon and Conquered most of Greece Alexander the Great Established an Empire from Greece to Egypt and parts of India Adopted Greek culture & spread Hellenistic influences throughout his empire Extended Greek cultural influences Hellenistic Age Blend of Greek and oriental elements Spread through trade (& conquest)

Alexander’s Empire

Show Me What You Know

Which list would best describe the people in the picture. A Which list would best describe the people in the picture? A. Roman Gods & Goddesses B. Greek Gods & Goddesses C. Norse Gods & Goddesses D. Egyptian Gods & Goddesses Picture of Zeus, Hades, Apollo, Hera, Aphrodite, Athena, Ares, Poseidon, Hephaestus & Artemis.

The Parthenon was rebuilt by this man, who also extended democracy. A The Parthenon was rebuilt by this man, who also extended democracy. A. Pericles B. Xerxes C. Hercules D. Draco

What is an oligarchy? Rule by people Rule by a king/queen Rule by a tyrant Rule by a small group

What was the biggest significance of the Persian Wars? Athens & Sparta realized their differences were too great, and they had to fight each other Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire. It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

What was the biggest significance of the Peloponnesian War? Athenian victories at Marathon & Salamis left the Greeks in charge of the Aegean Sea Athens & Sparta united against a common enemy, the Persian Empire. It left Greece weak & vulnerable to attack by King Philip II of Macedon Sparta was able to preserve its independence and continue innovations in government & culture

Which leader conquered most of Greece, & became its leader, after the Peloponnesian War? Alexander the Great Ivan the Great Philip II Ramses II

Which leader had an empire that stretched this far. A Which leader had an empire that stretched this far? A. Alexander the Great B. Darius the Great C. Ramses the Great D. Ivan the Great

“I swear to fulfill to the best of my ability this covenant: I will do no intentional harm, I will try to benefit the sick, I will respect the privacy of my patients…” Which of the following Greeks would have made this quote? A. Sophocles B. Homer C. Herodotus D. Hippocrates