Winter Ecology Why is it cold in winter? We’re farther away from the sun? NO!! We’re tilted away from the sun? YES!!

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Presentation transcript:

Winter Ecology

Why is it cold in winter? We’re farther away from the sun? NO!! We’re tilted away from the sun? YES!!

Scranton, PA

Scranton, PA Weather Records

Types of Snow Crystals: The most basic snow crystal is a hexagonal prism and can come in many shapes and sizes. The prism has 8 sides: 2 surfaces known as basal facets and 6 prism facets.

How does a dull hexagonal ice crystal make such beautiful and elaborate flakes? The intricate flakes come from the condition in which the ice crystals are formed.

Types of Snow Flakes Simple Prisms

Plates

Stellar Dendrites

Fernlike Stellar Dendrites

Columns, Needles and Capped Columns

Triangular Crystals

12 Sided Snowflake

Life History of a Snowstorm Powder Destructive metamorphism Constructive metamorphism Melt metamorphism

Powder

Destructive Metamorphism

Quin-zhee- Athabascan origin

Constructive Metamorphism Temperature gradient in snowpack…where is it warmer, top or bottom? Ice sublimates, vapors moving up Warmer top melts a little, joining grains as it refreezes Lower sublimation continues, leaving depth hoar Creates subnivean zone Destabilizes snow pack…avalanche danger!

Scranton, PA…. A Winter Vacationland?

Northern Shrike Common Redpoll

Evening Grosbeaks “Flying Pigs”

Short-eared Owls

Rough-legged Hawk

What Do Organisms Do in Winter? Die Migrate Hibernate Stay and tough it out!

DIE?

Why Migrate? The Pro’s ? The Con’s DANGEROUS! (more than half never return) DANGEROUS!! (going to unknown area; hiding places, food sources, etc.) DANGEROUS!!! (already inhabited with competitors)

Who Migrates? Many organisms do...

... Even Mammals

Stay and Tough it Out

Freeze

What do ‘herps’ do in winter?

Avoid Freezing Garter Snake hibernaculum in Canada

Winter Insects

Winter Insects and Invertebrates

Animal Tracks in the Snow.

Opossum Pacer

Beaver

Black Bear Tracks Pacer Front 5 in. L X 5 in. W Hind 7 in L X 5 in. W

Bobcat Notice you don’t see any claws. Diagonal Walker

Coyote Diagonal WalkerNotice the claws

Raccoon Pacer

Gray Squirrel Gray Squirrel are Hoppers.

Wild Turkey Diagonal Walker