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What is your chosen area of communication? Our chosen area of Communication is animation Power of communication

Who Invented it and Why? (by Michael Crandol) "Animation should be an art....what you fellows have done with it is making it into a trade....not an art, but a trade....bad luck." Thus Winsor McCay, father of the animated cartoon, pronounced the doom of the very industry he had inadvertently helped create. From McCay nursed animation from a simple camera trick to full blown character animation that would take 20 years to be surpassed. McCay animated his films almost single-handed; from inception to execution each cartoon was his and his alone. He took the time to make his films unique artistic visions, sometimes spending more than a year to make a single five-minute cartoon. But the burgeoning world of cinema could not wait so long for so little, and so the modern animation studio came into being. The art of animation was no longer the work of one man, it was a streamlined, assembly- line process in the best Henry Ford tradition. But was the art of the animated cartoon sacrificed for the trade's sake? That, of course, depends on the studios themselves.

How has your chosen area of communication changed the world? Animation has changed the world because Of all the movie and cartoons that children enjoy to watch. A lot of kids movies have been made by Walt Disney, Warner bros, 20 th century fox and Pixar. Animation can be educational, and very entertaining.

Timeline of Development Click on a date to see the history of ANIMATION

Toy Story first full-length 3D CG feature film

John Lasseter at Pixar publishes a paper describing traditional animation principles. "Demos" are Andre and Wally B and Luxo Jr. Ref: J. Lasseter, "Principles of Traditional Animation Applied to 3D Computer Animation", Computer Graphics, 21(4), July (In the SIGGRAPH 98 Seminal Graphics collection.)

Walt Disney releases "Steamboat Willie".. an early cartoon w/ sound -- cartoons are now seen as entertainment. Disney innovations over the next years include the storyboard, pencil tests, and the multi-plane camera stand (3D effects). Disney also promoted the analysis of real-life motion.

Windsor McCay produces perhaps the first popular animation.. Gertie the Dinosaur, which becomes part of his vaudeville act.

The age of movie camera and projector begins.. experimenters discover they can stop the crank and restart it again to obtain special effects. Example: James Stuart Blackton creates "The Enchanted Drawing" in a caricature is drawn with no evidence of an artist.

Emile Reynaud (from France) patents the praxinoscope.. a device that used mirrors to project a sequence of images (along with a fixed background) onto a screen. It was sufficiently complex that only he could run it. The infinite length tape changed the medium from a curiosity into entertainment.

1832 Joseph Plateau (a Belgian scientist) developed the phenakistiscope.

Peter Mark Roget, who did research in physiology at the University of London, published "Persistence of Vision with Regard to Moving Objects." This book presented the idea that a succession of still images could create the appearance of motion.

Some of our favorite animations

Egyptian animation Egyptian murals An Egyptian mural, approximately 4000 years old, shows wrestlers in action. Even though this may appear similar to a series of animation drawings, there was no way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate the artist's intention of depicting motion Cave paintings The earliest examples derive from still drawings, which can be found in Paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are depicted with multiple sets of legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion.

ZOETROPE A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures. It consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. Beneath the slits on the inner surface of the cylinder is a band which has either individual frames from a video/film or images from a set of sequenced drawings or photographs. As the cylinder spins the user looks through the slits at the pictures on the opposite side of the cylinder's interior. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together so that the user sees a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, the equivalent of a motion picture.

Flip book A flip book (sometimes, especially in British English, flick book) is a book with a series of pictures that vary gradually from one page to the next, so that when the pages are turned rapidly, the pictures appear to animate by simulating motion or some other change. Flip books are often illustrated books for children, but may also be geared towards adults and employ a series of photographs rather than drawings. Flip books are not always separate books, but may appear as an added feature in ordinary books or magazines, often in the page corners. Software packages and websites are also available that convert digital video files into custom-made flip books.

Cel animation WHAT IS CEL ANIMATION? An animator produces a sequence of pencil drawings on paper. These are traced onto clear sheets called cels, and colored in with paints. Each cel is placed on a background and filmed as one frame. The background remains constant while the cels are changed.

Computer animation COMPUTER ANIMATION Computer animation was first used in video games, but as the technology developed, it spread to movies and television for special effects and animated features. Computer animation has evolved from both cel and stop- frame animation techniques. HOW IS COMPUTER ANIMATION MADE? Using 3-D computer software, models can be built, colored, and animated in a virtual environment. Computer animation, unlike stop-frame animation, does not need the model to be placed in every position of a movement. Instead, key poses are set and the computer creates the positions in between

Stop-frame animation HOW DOES STOP-FRAME ANIMATION WORK? Stop-frame animation is made using models. A miniature set is built to represent a room or a street. Puppets are placed in the set, moved small amounts, and filmed one shot at a time. Modern stop-frame animation also uses computers.

The first stop-motion bounce ball

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