Simple Machines.

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Presentation transcript:

Simple Machines

A device that changes the direction of the Definition: A device that changes the direction of the Force that is applied to do a job. For Example: In order to lift a crate straight up, you would use a ramp – right? The ramp changes the vertical lift to a diagonal You want to lift a vertical height Ramp

It takes less force to push an object at an angle to gravity than it is to pick it up in line with gravity. But, since it is a longer distance, you are doing more work with less effort. So, it doesn't seem as hard of work using the ramp Ramp Distance 20N Vertical Distance 40N Ramp

Simple machines are Separated into two Families: 1. Lever Family 2. Incline plane Family Lets start with the levers . . .

The Lever Family

- Also called the effort arm Terminology first - - Fulcrum – The point at which the lever pivots. - Input force – The force that is applied by you. Your hand. By pushing or pulling. - Also called the effort arm - Output force – The force that is applied to the object - Also called the resitance arm

1st Class Lever - - The fulcrum is between the two ends - The input and output are at the ends input output Or Vis versa Fulcrum

Example? Crow bar output input Fulcrum

2nd Class Lever - - The fulcrum is is at one end - The input is at the opposite end of fulcrum - The output is between input and fulcrum output input Fulcrum

Wheel Barrow Example? input output Fulcrum Don’t forget the other example- you have to draw it.

3rd Class Lever - - The fulcrum is is at one end again - The output is at the opposite end of fulcrum - The input is between input and fulcrum input output Fulcrum

Example? Catapult input output Fulcrum

Wheel and Axle- Rotation A lever that rotates in a circle around a center point or fulcrum Rotation Center Point There is the obvious wheel that is a wheel and axle but there are some that are not so obvious.

OR like those  Like this -- OR like this -- There does not have to be Rotation OR like those  OR like this -- Rotation Central Axis There does not have to be an actual wheel. It just has to spin around a central point. Central Axis

Pulley - - Is a wheel and axle with a string, rope, chain, or belt the is pulled around the wheel part.

The Incline plane Family

Simple Inclined Plane - - Which is . . . ? - A Ramp

Wedge- When you butt one ramp, Against another They are always used for cutting or splitting of some kind It is a wedge. Examples – Scissors, Knives, Shears, Shovels, Spatulas, nails ect . .

Screw- A ramp that is wrapped around a central axis

Used for Fasteners Augers Clamps

Mechanical Advantage The numerical value of how much your force is multiplied using a machine. Formulas- Input distance Output Distance Output Force Input Force MA= MA= OR

Example - If you had a 1st class lever that you wanted to lift a rock with and the input distance was 4 feet and the output distance was only 1 foot, What is the mechanical Advantage? Output distance = 1 ft Input distance = 4 ft Fulcrum

Input distance Output Distance MA= MA= = 4 4 feet 1 foot That means that your force that that is pushing up is 4 times as much on the rock you are lifting. If you push with 10 lbs, you can lift 40lbs. Output distance = 1 ft Input distance = 4 ft Fulcrum