Health Promotion Models Umm Al-Qura University Faculty of Public Health and Health Informatics Environmental Health Department Health Promotion Models By: Dr. Ahmed Abdullah

Contents of the Lecture Background Planning Models. Most eight components of theories that addressing behavior change. Examples of health promotion models and theories. Differences between theory and model. Common Models Used in planning.

Planning Models: Background Information Models serve as frames from which to build; Provide structure & organization for the planning process. There are Many different models share Common elements, but different labels

Planning Models: Background Information There is No perfect model They can be used in entirety, parts, & combinations Categories: Practitioner driven Consumer-based

Consider Three Important Criteria Fluidity: Steps in the planning process are sequential, or that they build upon one another. Flexibility: Planning is adapted to the needs of stakeholders. Functionality: the outcome of planning is improved health conditions, not the production of a program plan itself.

Planning Models: Background Information Behavior change theories provide structures that educators may use to design educational programs, and to explain how and why a program is expected to be effective. Single theory cannot address all variables that contribute to a person’s behavior and not all theories are applicable to all situations. But elements of different theories may be combined to create a program focused on a specific issue and target population.

Eight components of behavior change 1. The person has formed a strong positive intention (or made a commitment) to perform the behavior. 2. [There are no] environmental constraints [preventing] the behavior [from occurring]. 3. The person has the skills necessary to perform the behavior. 4. The person believes that the advantages of performing the behavior outweigh the disadvantages (attitude).

Eight components of behavior change 5. The person perceives more social (normative) pressure to perform the behavior than not to do so. 6. The person perceives that performing the behavior is more consistent than inconsistent with his or her own self-image (personal norms, personal standards). 7. The person’s emotional reaction to performing the behavior is more positive than negative. 8. The person perceives that he or she has the capability to perform the behavior under a number of different circumstances (perceived self efficacy, perceived behavioral control).

Examples of health promotion models and theories: precede-proceed model (Green & Kreuter 2005) Planned Approach to Community health (PATCH) model (By U. S. Department of health and Human services 2005). Multilevel approach to community health (MATCH) model.(By Simon- Morton, Greene, & Gottlieb, 1995). Intervention mapping model (By Barthollomew, Parcel, Kok, & Gottlieb 2006).

Examples of health promotion models and theories: Assessment protocol for excellence in public health (APEXPH) Model (BY National Association of County and City Health Officials, 1991). Comprehensive Health Education Model (CHEM) (Sulvian, 1973). Model for Health Education Planning (MHEP) (Rose and Mico 1980). Model for Health Education Planning and resource devolopement (MHEPRD) (Bates and Winder1984).

Examples of health promotion models and theories: PIN 3 Models (Airhihenbuwa, 1993). The CDCynergy model (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2004) Health Belief Model Protection- Motivation Theory Information-Motivation- Behavioral Skills Model

Examples of health promotion models and theories: Theory of Planned Behavior (Theory of Reasoned Action). Trans theoretical Model (Stages of Change and Processes of Change). Precaution-Adoption Process Model. Elaboration Likelihood Model. Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory). Diffusion of Innovation. Natural-Helper Models.

Differences between theory and model Explain or predict phenomena Simplified, miniaturized application of concept for addressing problems Micro level guidance Macro level guidance Empirically tested Not enough empirically evident Based in previous literature Creative Usually parsimonious Usually try to cover a lot Does not contain any model May contain one or more theories Example: social cognitive theory Example: precede-proceed model

Common Models Used PRECEDE-PROCEED (practitioners-driven) MATCH (practitioners-driven) CDCYNERY (consumer-based planning – health communication planning) SMART (consumer-based planning – social marketing planning)

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