UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON REVISING THE PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES NEW YORK, 29 OCTOBER- 1 NOVEMBER 2013 SESSION 2 OVERVIEW OF THE 2010 ROUND OF POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUSES REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES UNECE REGION IAN WHITE UNECE CENSUS STEERING GROUP

PREPARATION OF CES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE 2020 ROUND Conference of European Statisticians approved Work Plan in Paris in June 2012 Task Force established and Terms of Reference agreed September 2012 Online survey questionnaire developed September- December Sections, more than 250 questions Survey launched January 2013 (in SurveyMonkey format) Response from 51 out of 57 countries Results analysed by Task Forces February-May 2013 Preparation of Task Force reports on 2010 practices and proposals for changes to the 2010 Recommendations June-September 2013 Papers presented at joint UNECE/Eurostat Group of Experts meeting Geneva, 30 Sept-3 Oct 2013

UNECE TASK FORCES Census methodology (Erich Schulte-Nordholt, Statistics Netherlands) Census technology (Janusz Dygaszewicz, Central Statistics Office, Poland) Quality and coverage (Peter Benton, Office for National Statistics, UK) Costs and benefits (Alistair Calder, Office for National Statistics, UK) Population bases and geographic characteristics - Population bases (Giampaolo Lanzieri, Eurostat) - Geographic characteristics (Harald Utne, Statistics Norway) Demographic, household and family characteristics (Howard Hogan, US Census Bureau) Economic and educational characteristics (Jari Nieminen, Statistics Finland) Migration and ethno-cultural characteristics (Jane Badets, Statistics Canada) Housing (Adelheid Bauer, Statistics Austria)

OTHER TOPICS/ISSUES COVERED BY THE UNECE STEERING GROUP Disability Agriculture Legislation Field Operations Communications and publicity Security, confidentiality and disclosure control Documentation, metadata and archiving Innovations Problems and successes

UNECE Region

Methodology in the UNECE Region Traditional census – 31 countries (36 in 2000) - Full field enumeration, no registers 20 - Full field enumeration supported by registers 10 - Full field enumeration plus annual sample survey 1 - Rolling census 1 Register based census – 9 countries (3 in 2000) - Only registers used 6 - Registers plus existing sample survey data 3 Combined methodology – 10 countries (6 in 2000) - Registers plus full field enumeration for selected topics 4 - Registers plus sample field data for selected topics 5

Core topics in the UNECE Region Place of usual residence not asked in survey Locality 82% Sex 100% Age 100% Legal (de jure) marital status 92% Current activity status 96% Workplace 92% Occupation 96% Industry 96% Employment status 98% Educational attainment 98% Country/place of birth 98% Country of citizenship 98% Ever resided abroad 75% Year of arrival from abroad 100% Previous place of usual residence 86% Date of arrival from previous usual residence 67% Relationship between household members 98% Household status 84% Type of household 96% Size of household not asked in survey

Core topics in the UNECE Region Family status 86% Type of family nucleus 86% Size of family nucleus not asked in survey Tenure status (of household) 94% Housing arrangement 92% Type of living quarters 92% Location of living quarters 100% Occupancy status 86% Type of ownership 96% Number of occupants not asked in survey Useful floor space/Number of rooms 84/92% Density standard 80/57% Water supply system 78% Toilet facilities 82% Bathing facilities 86% Type of heating 92% Type of building 86% Period of construction 94%

Non core topics in the UNECE Region Urban/rural status 92% Location of place of education 44% Mode of transport to work/place of education 45/33% Distance travelled to work/place of education 15/13% Time taken to travel to work/place of education 29/25% De facto marital status 84% Children born alive 69% Date(s) of first/current marriage 14/24% Date(s) of first/current consensual union 2/12% Usual activity status 12% Unpaid/voluntary work 6% Type of sector (institutional unit) 12% Informal employment status 4% Type of place of work 27% Time usually worked 29% Time-related unemployment 2% Duration of unemployment 18% Size of workforce at workplace 15% Main source of livelihood 42% Income 12% Socio-economic group 27%

Non core topics in the UNECE Region Education qualifications 33% Field of study 40% School attendance 69% Literacy 49% Computer literacy 18% Country of previous usual residence 62% Total duration of residence in the country 20% 5-year migration 22% Reason for migration 37% Country of birth of parent(s) 16% Citizenship acquisition 14% Foreign background not asked in survey Population relevant to international migration not asked in survey Refugee background not asked un survey Internally displaced persons not asked in survey Ethnicity 63% Language 71% Religion 55% Disability status 67%

Non core topics in the UNECE Region Same-sex partnerships not asked in survey Extended family status not asked in survey Type of reconstituted family not asked in survey Generational composition of household not asked in survey Single or shared occupancy 43% Rent 29% Durable consumer goods 12% Car availability 27% Car parking 18% Telephone/internet connection 29/43% Own account agricultural production (household) 20% Agricultural work 8% Unoccupied dwellings 86% Multi-occupancy 48% Type of rooms 16% Kitchen 52% Cooking facilities 12% Hot water 48% Type of sewage disposal system 44% Main type of energy for heating 58%

Non core topics in the UNECE Region Availability of electricity 38% Availability of piped gas 38% Air-conditioning 22% Position of dwelling in building 30% Accessibility to dwelling 8% Lift 24% Number of floors in building 44% Construction materials 36% State of repair 14%

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Methodology More emphasis on the use of administrative registers and multi-modal approach to data collection An closer examination of the benefits and disadvantages of the different methodologies Technology More focus on GIS Benefits of OCR/OMR to be re-assessed Cost and benefits New chapter Costs of different methodologies to be compared The value of cost-benefit analysis to be stressed Documentation, metadata and archiving The importance of keeping good records and an audit trail The value of census records as a source of socio-historical data

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Quality and coverage Consolidate separate sections of the 2010 Recommendations into a single chapter Specific recommendations proposed: - Accuracy should be measured (by whatever method the country deems appropriate) - Accuracy measurements and methods should be published - Whatever method chosen should result in a comparable set of output-oriented quantitative indicators - An adjusted national total population estimate should be published - At the national level countries should aim to publish statistics that are accurate to within x% of the (unknown) true value - Not supported Outsourcing The importance of good project management skills and knowledge of procurement to be stressed The cheapest option is not always the best Specific areas to be identified More aligned with global recommendations, with particular emphasis on the need to: - protect confidentiality - gain public confidence - ensure data quality What about Big Data? n

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Communication/Publicity Still important for register-based censuses Use of social media to be considered Population bases A more detailed exposition of ‘usual residence ’ Geographic characteristics Urban/rural area to be a core (derived) topic Degree of urbanization Classification of place of work New classification of mode of transport Demographic characteristics De facto vs de jure marital status Should de facto marital status be a core topic? Should the use of a mixed classification of de jure and de facto marital status be discouraged explicitly? Should ‘consensual union’ and ‘registered partnership’ be distinguished in the typology of family nuclei? Should more focus be put on reconstituted families? More focus on same sex unions be included as a non-core topic?

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Migration More clearly distinguish topics related to international and internal migration More clarity on the concept of year of arrival Is there a case for promoting ‘country of previous residence abroad’ and ‘reason for migration’ to core status? Recognition of value (but difficulty) of collecting information on ‘emigration’ Consider ‘circular migration’ as a new topic Ethno-cultural characteristics Importance of consultation community leaders and organisation to be stressed Put ‘No religion’ response category first Should ‘language’ be a core topic and should a classification be recommended? Consider recommending the ‘Prefer not to answer’ approach to voluntary questions.

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Economic characteristics Possible changes to ‘activity status’ classification Possible changes to ‘employment status’ classification Need to conform to any new ILO recommendations (such as the recognition of voluntary work as an activity status) Difficulties with reconciling outputs from administrative and statistical data sources Housing Treatment of ‘semi-independent’ housing as private or institutional More focus on homelessness – but is this a housing or population base issue? ‘Usable floor space’ vs ‘Number of rooms’ Is a definition a room necessary? Some core topics are no longer relevant (such as water supply and bathing facilities) Proposal to modify ‘occupancy status’ and ‘type of building’ classifications Focus of new ‘green’ topics such as use of solar or thermal energy

Summary of main proposals for possible changes to the CES Recommendations Dissemination 2010 Recommendations to be expanded to cover - Microdata - New media - Data visualisation - Value added products and mash-ups

Timetable for the 2020 CES Recommendations 1 st Draft of 2020 Recommendations submitted to Steering Group February nd Draft prepared by June 2014 to be discussed at UNECE/Eurostat meeting September 2014 Final Draft by December 2014 to be discussed by CES Bureau February 2015 Adoption by CES at June 2015 Plenary Session Electronic version posted in July 2015 Hard copy published end 2015 Harmonization with global recommendations important Impact on 2020 EU Census legislation

Timetable for the 2020 CES Recommendations 1 st Draft of 2020 Recommendations submitted to Steering Group February nd Draft prepared by June 2014 to be discussed at UNECE/Eurostat meeting September 2014 Final Draft by December 2014 to be discussed by CES Bureau February 2015 Adoption by CES at June 2015 Plenary Session Electronic version posted in July 2015 Hard copy published end 2015 Harmonization with global recommendations important Impact on 2020 EU Census legislation THANK YOU