Research Project Select one engineering structural failure. For that failure address the following: –Where the structure was built –Purpose of the structure –How the structure failed –Who was responsible for the construction of the structure –Who took the blame for the failure –How many people were injured or killed U3j - L1

The “building blocks” of all technology systems CORE TECHNOLOGIES Fluid Technology Core Technologies Mechanical StructuralElectrical ElectronicThermal FluidOptical Bio-TechMaterial U3h - L1

UNIT 3 – Engineering Design a.Getting familiar with the Big Idea b.The Design Process c.Core Technologies d.Mechanical Technology e.Electrical Technology f.Fluid Technology g.Thermal Technology h.Structural i.Optical Technology j.Materials Technology k.Biotechnology

Fluid Technology PURPOSE OF SUB-UNIT To familiarize students with the functioning and applications of optical, material, and bio- technology systems. U3h - L1

The technology of producing light; using light for information collecting, storing, retrieving, processing and communicating; and using light to do work. Example applications: Lightbulb, Light-emitting diode, Lenses to magnify or reduce, Laser speed detector, Laser compact disk, Fiber-optic telephone communication, Laser cutting tools, Laser surgical instruments. Optical Technology

How is controlling light useful to humans? U3h - L1

Optical Technology Are these examples of optical technology? Why? 1. Eyeglasses and contact lenses 2. Lenses for TV, movie, and photographic camera 3. Photocopiers and fax machines 4. Binoculars and telescopes 5. Microscopes and magnifiers 6. Projectors (overhead, movie, slide, TV) 7. CD players 8. Supermarket product-code laser scanners 9. Weather and spy satellites 10. Medical systems (to look inside the body) 11. Solar energy systems U3h - L1

Optical Technology There are 3 basic ways to control light: 1.Block it 2.Reflect it 3.Bend it What happens to the blocked light?

U3h - L1 Optical Technology There are 3 basic ways to create light: 1.Heat 2.Electrical Reaction 3.Chemical Reaction The Sun, a light bulb, fire Firefly Light-emitting Diode (LED) 10% Energy converted to Light 90% Energy converted to Light

U3h - L1 Optical Technology What is white light? White light is regular light from the sun or from a light bulb. White light contains all the colors of the rainbow, but you have to split it up to see this.

U3h - L1 Optical Technology How do you “split up” white light? You can split up white light by using a prism.

U3h - L1 The light released is monochromatic. It contains one specific wavelength of light (monochromatic = one color). The wavelength of light is determined by the amount of energy released when the photon is emitted. The light is very directional. A laser light has a very tight beam and is very strong and concentrated. Optical Technology What is a laser?

U3h - L1 Lasers can be focused on a very small spot and can shine for long distances without spreading out very much, unlike a flashlight, which spreads out a lot. The spot contains a lot of energy—so much energy that some lasers can cut through thick metal, and smaller ones are used as scalpels. Lasers can also send information through long threads of glass called optical fibers. A single laser can send thousands of phone conversations through a fiber at the same time. Optical Technology What is a laser?

U3h - L1 The technology of using, adapting, and altering organisms and biological processes for a desired outcome. Example applications “Stain-eating” enzymes in detergent, Bacteria “leaching” metals from ore, Altering plant genes to produce better crops (Genetically Modified agriculture) Oil-eating microbes used in oil spill remediation Biotechnology

U3h - L1 Biotechnology Application in 4 major industrial areas: 1.Health care (medical) 2.Food processing and agriculture 3.Non-food uses of crops and other products 4.Environmental uses

U3h - L1 Biotechnology 1.Health care (medical) 1.Tailor-made medicines – drugs based on molecules associated with specific genes and diseases Maximum therapeutic effects, minimum damage to nearby cells 2.Better vaccines – safer vaccines can be designed an produced by organisms transformed by means of genetic engineering 3.Cheaper medication – less expensive, more stable, easier to store medication 4.Biomedical engineering – medical imaging, signal processing, biomechanics, biomaterials, prostheses, medical devices, MRIs, EEGs…

U3h - L1 Biotechnology 2.Food processing and agriculture 1.Improved yield from crops – one or two genes may be transferred to a highly developed crop variety to increase yield (product) 2.Reduced vulnerability of crops to stress – withstand drought, cold, heat, insects, etc. 3.Increased nutritional qualities 4.Improved taste, texture, or appearance of food – stay fresh longer

1.Newton’s three laws 1. Inertia2. F = ma3.action/reaction 2.Four structural forces and examples 1. Tension2. Compression3. Torsion4. Shear 3.Strength of Materials 1.Type2. Size3. Shape4. Placement 4.Live load vs Dead load 1.Dead loads are part of the structure 2.Live loads are outside the structure 5.Beams vs Post 1.Beams are horizontal 2.Posts are vertical 6.Truss structure Cinco de Mayo, 2011 Quiz Monday U3j – L2

U3h - L1 Biotechnology 3.Non-food uses of crops and other products 1.Bio-degradable plastics – plastics that will decompose in the natural environment 2.Biofuel – solid, liquid, or gas fuel derived from biological material Biomass, Vegetable Oil, Bio-diesel, Bio-alcohol, etc. 3.Bacteria “leaching” metals from ore – extracting specific metals from ores using bacteria

U3h - L1 Biotechnology 4.Environmental Uses 1.Bioremediation – for example, oil-eating microbes used in oil spill remediation 2.Phytoremediation – de-polluting contaminated soils, water, or air with plants 3.Mycoremediation – de-polluting contaminated soils, water, or air with mushrooms (decompose)

1.Identify 3 optical technologies and 2 biotechnologies not mentioned. 2.Identify the problem that the technology system solves 3.Identify the technology that preceded it. U3h - L1

1.You must work in partners. 2.You have through Thursday to create your final towers. 3.You must use a truss design 4.Make a detailed sketch (including dimensions) of your final design 5.Once approved, you may begin working on your final sheets. 6.The highest weight in the class receives 100%, and everyone else’s grade becomes a percentage of that. TowerProject Write the following down in your notebook.

Specifications Base must be 4” - 6” long and wide Tower must be at least 5” tall but not more than 8” tall Limited materials: –10 sticks of spaghetti –Green adhesive Limited time –3 days –3 class periods (store projects in lockers)