Improving Preventive Health Care for Older Americans Marcel Salive, MD, MPH, FACPM Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology, NIA

Coverage "First we'll find out if your insurance covers the magic wand treatment.”

3 Medicare Preventive Services One time “Welcome to Medicare” physical exam Physical Exam (yearly “Wellness Visit”) Starts 2011 Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening* Bone mass measurement Cardiovascular disease screenings Colorectal cancer screenings Diabetes screenings EKG Screening* Flu shots Glaucoma tests Hepatitis B shots HIV Screening Mammograms (screening) Pap test/pelvic exam/ clinical breast exam Prostate cancer screening Pneumococcal shots Smoking cessation ACA Section 4103 *When referred during Welcome to Medicare physical exam

2008 LAW: MIPPA, section 101 Authority for Medicare to cover additional preventive services that are Reasonable and necessary for the prevention or early detection of an illness or disability based on the national coverage determination process; “Strongly recommended” (A) or “recommended” (B) by the United States Preventive Services Task Force; and Appropriate for Medicare beneficiaries.

Medicare National Coverage Timelines 5 Staff Review Draft Decision Memorandum Posted National Coverage Request Medicare Evid Dev & Coverage Advisory Committee External Technology Assessment 6 months Reconsideration Staff Review Public Comments Final Decision Memorandum and Implementation Instructions 30 days60 days 9 months Preliminary Discussions

Reasonable & Necessary? Sufficient level of confidence that evidence is adequate to conclude that the item or service: –improves health outcomes; prevents disease –generalizable to the Medicare population Evidence assessed using standard principles of evidence-based medicine

Affordable Care Act (2010) Medicare: –4103: Annual Wellness Visit Providing Personalized Prevention Plan Services –4104: Waives deductible and coinsurance for preventive service--UPSPSF A or B Health Plans: –2713: new plans must cover A/B services, ACIP vaccines without cost sharing

Coordination in the health care system (Woman at desk with a sign that says, 'Wait Coordinator.') Wait Coordinator

Coordination of Preventive Services Annual Wellness Visit (proposed) and Welcome to Medicare Visit Coordinates the preventive services already covered by Medicare like cancer screenings, bone mass measurements and vaccinations –May be a written plan or checklist –Short/long term (5 yrs)

Translating recommendations into coverage policy Population Frequency Duration Settings Payment Other limitations Remaining Gaps: Certain provider types Non-health services

Translation: Other Limitations Based on the wording of the USPSTF recommendation, with a grade of A or B by the USPSTF. Some services have multiple recommendations, including other letter grades (C, D, I)

Possible prevention NCDs COUNSELING Alcohol Misuse Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility, Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing Diet, Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care to Promote a Healthy Diet SCREENING Depression Hepatitis B Virus Infection Sexually transmitted infections Obesity in Adults (incl counseling) CHEMOPREVENTION Breast Cancer, Chemoprevention counseling Aspirin to prevent CVD

How to Set Priorities? Amount of disease and premature death prevented in the U.S. population (5=best) Cost-effectiveness (5=best). Am J Prev Med 2006; 31(1):52-61.

Top Ranked Clinical Preventive Services for the U.S. Population 10-Discuss daily aspirin use — men 40+, women 50+ Childhood immunizations Smoking cessation advice and help to quit — adults 8-Problem drinking screening and counseling — adults Colorectal cancer screening — adults 50+ Hypertension screening and treatment—adults 18+ Influenza immunization—adults Vision screening — adults 65+ Cervical cancer screening — women Cholesterol screening and treatment — men 35+,women 45+ Pneumococcal immunizations — adults 65+ Source: Maciosek MV, Coffield AB, Edwards NM, Goodman MJ, Flottemesch TJ, Solberg LI. Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis. Am J Prev Med 2006; 31(1): Priorities among effective clinical preventive services: results of a systematic review and analysis.

Prioritization: Other dimensions Legal authority –Is it a health service? Impact –Is it already available? –e.g. ASA to prevent CVD Feasibility of decision-making –How widespread is public support? –Generalizability of evidence of benefit

Further Information Marcel Salive, MD, MPH –301/