Bone Tissue Composition Chapter 6

Bone Textures Compact bone – Dense _______________ layer Spongy (cancellous) bone – Honeycomb of trabeculae found at the bone ________________.

Structure of a Long Bone Diaphysis (shaft) – _______________ collar surrounds medullary (marrow) cavity – Medullary cavity in ____________ contains fat (yellow marrow)

Structure of a Long Bone Epiphyses – ____________ – ____________ bone interior – Epiphyseal line (remnant of_______________) – Articular (hyaline) cartilage on _____________

Figure 6.3a-b Proximal epiphysis (b) (a) Epiphyseal line Articular cartilage Periosteum Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity (lined by endosteum) Compact bone Diaphysis Distal epiphysis

Membranes of Bone Periosteum – _______________ fibrous layer – Inner osteogenic layer Osteoblasts (bone-___________cells) Osteoclasts (bone-____________cells) Osteogenic cells (______________ cells) – Nerve fibers, nutrient blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels enter the bone via nutrient foramina – Secured to underlying bone by ____________fibers

Membranes of Bone Endosteum – Delicate membrane on ____________surfaces of bone – Also contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Figure 6.3c (c) Yellow bone marrow Endosteum Compact bone Periosteum Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Nutrient arteries

Structure of Short, Irregular, and Flat Bones Periosteum-covered ______________bone on the outside Endosteum-covered ______________bone within Spongy bone called diploë in flat bones Bone marrow between the _______________.

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Cells of bones – Osteogenic (osteoprogenitor) cells Stem cells in ________________ and _______________ that give rise to osteoblasts – Osteoblasts _______________________ cells

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone Cells of bone – ________________ Mature bone cells – Osteoclasts Cells that ____________________ (reabsorb) bone matrix

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone Haversian system, or osteon—structural unit - ________________________ Weight-bearing Column-like matrix tubes – _______________________ Contains blood vessels and nerves

Figure 6.6 Structures in the central canal Artery with capillaries Vein Nerve fiber Lamellae Collagen fibers run in different directions Twisting force

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Compact Bone Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals – At right angles to the central canal – Connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal Lacunae—small cavities that contain osteocytes Canaliculi—hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

Figure 6.7a-c Endosteum lining bony canals and covering trabeculae Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers Periosteal blood vessel Periosteum Lacuna (with osteocyte) (a) (b)(c) Lacunae Lamellae Nerve Vein Artery Canaliculi Osteocyte in a lacuna Circumferential lamellae Osteon (Haversian system) Central (Haversian) canal Central canal Interstitial lamellae Lamellae Compact bone Spongy bone

Microscopic Anatomy of Bone: Spongy Bone ________________ – Align along lines of stress – No osteons – Contain irregularly arranged lamellae, osteocytes, and canaliculi – Capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

Figure 6.3b (b) Lacunae Lamellae Nerve Vein Artery Canaliculus Osteocyte in a lacuna Central canal

Chemical Composition of Bone: Inorganic Hydroxyapatites (mineral salts) – _______________of bone by mass – Mainly _________________ phosphate crystals – Responsible for ___________ and _____________ to compression