Objective 2…TAKS 10 th and 11 th grades Home slide Questions from TAKS regarding cell functions : Questions from TAKS regarding DNA: Questions from TAKS regarding classification Home Link to 10 th grade study guide Scroll to p.265 for objective 2 Link to 11 th grade study guide Scroll to p.310 for objective 2 Interactive non-TAKS quizzes on the internet Questions from TAKS regarding genetics Questions from TAKS regarding body systems

Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Homeostasis 21 questions over homeostasis21 questions over homeostasis Cells- What they do Great interactive animations over cell structures 6 questions over diffusion6 questions over diffusion Great interactive animations over cell transportGreat interactive animations over cell transport 7 ques. Cell structure quiz7 ques. Cell structure quiz 8 ques. Cellular energy quiz8 ques. Cellular energy quiz 8 ques. Cell division quiz8 ques. Cell division quiz DNA/ RNA Interactive DNA replication and protein synthesis animation Tutorial 12.1 Transcription then click on animationTutorial 12.1 Transcription Tutorial 12.3 Protein Synthesis 8 questions DNA replication Protein synthesis movieProtein synthesis movie Genetics 25 ques. Genetics quiz25 ques. Genetics quiz Heredity in Families....Pedigree animation Down syndrome animation Kingdoms: Bacteria (2) Protists Fungi Animals Plants Box game of D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S….choose Unit 5, Chap ques. Classification quiz7 ques. Classification quiz 8 ques. Kingdom quiz Body systems 8 ques. Body Systems quiz8 ques. Body Systems quiz Home

Cell functions Go to: Osmosis Go to: Cell Energy and parts Go to: Cell division Back to Cell functions Home

Back to Cell functions

When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and bursts. Which of these causes water to enter the egg? F Coagulation G Sodium pump H Active transport J Osmosis 34 Osmosis is the movement of water through a membrane from cleaner “high concentration” to less clean “lower concentration”. Ocean water (because of its salt) is the lower concentration. Freshwater (less salt) is the high concentration. Home Back to Cell functions

4. Histamine is a polar chemical that can lead to an allergic response when it is released by the body’s immune system. An antihistamine is a drug that can help prevent the allergic reactions associated with histamine. An antihistamine is a similar molecule to histamine in size, shape, and polarity. How does an antihistamine most likely prevent the effects of histamine? A It increases the diffusion of histamine across the membranes of target cells. B It binds to histamine receptors on the surfaces of target cells. C It causes target cells to increase production of histamine receptors. D It blocks histamine receptors found in the cytoplasm of target cells. Model histamine antihistamine Real histamine Home Back to Cell functions

Home Back to Cell functions

Which would most likely cause the liquid in Tube A to rise? F Starch concentrations being equal on each side of the membrane G Water passing from a region of lower starch concentration to one of higher starch concentration H Water and starch volumes being the same J Solute in the tubes changing from a higher temperature to a lower temperature 14 Osmosis is when ‘cleaner water’ (in this case ‘distilled’) wants to go through a membrane to ‘less clean water’ (in this case, ‘starchy’). Tube B water goes through the Dialysis membrane toward the Tube A. Water goes from high concentration to low concentration. Or if you want to look at it from the solute point of view…the water goes from ‘less solute solution’ to ‘more solute solution.’ Starch is a solute. The solute (starch) doesn’t go through this membrane. Home Back to Cell functions

The illustration above shows a cell model with starch solutions both inside and outside the cell. In which of the following situations will the solution rise highest in the tube? Home Back to Cell functions

Which molecule provides most of the energy used to drive chemical reactions in cells? F DNA G RNA H ATP J ADP 30 Home Back to Cell functions

Home Back to Cell functions

Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell’s — A mitochondria B chloroplasts C plastids D lysosomes 27 Mitochondria use oxygen and sugar to recharge ADP’s into ATP’s (cell energy source.) Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts. Plants do. Animal cells don’t have plastids (for photosynthesis.) Lysosomes help with digestion of food & recycling. Home Back to Cell functions

Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration often considered opposites? F Photosynthesis produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular respiration does. G Water is released during photosynthesis and consumed during cellular respiration. H Photosynthesis occurs during the day, and cellular respiration occurs at night. J Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used during cellular respiration. 18 Respiration produces more ATP’s than photosynthesis. FALSE. Respiration occurs at all times. Home Back to Cell functions

Which structure regulates gas exchange during the processes of photosynthesis and respiration? A Q B R C S D T 11 Gases go in here! CO 2 O2O2 Home Back to Cell functions

Food provides the human body with all of the following except — F calories G amino acid H hydrochloric acid J lipids Amino acids are the units of proteins, Lipids are fats. Your stomach adds the HCl to the food. 8 Home Back to Cell functions

DNA molecules separate into single strands, which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA. This process ensures that the — A cytoplasm is in equilibrium B mitochondria are genetically identical to the chloroplasts C parent cells use little ATP D daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cells 21 Home Back to Cell functions

If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body cells, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell after mitosis? F 11 G 19 H 38 J If it said “after m ei osis” then you would half the number. Home Back to Cell functions

DNA Home Go to: DNA Go to: Protein Synthesis Go to: Mutations Back to DNA

In DNA, which of the following determines the traits of an organism? F Amount of adenine G Number of sugars H Sequence of nitrogen bases J Strength of hydrogen bonds 38 Home Back to DNA

Which molecule is most responsible for determining an organism’s eye color, body structure, and cellular enzyme production? A Complex starch B Fatty acid C Carbohydrate D Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA 45 Home Back to DNA

All of the following are found in a DNA molecule except — A carbon dioxide B deoxyribose C nitrogen D phosphate The sugar of DNA The A’s, T’s, C’s, G’s of DNA Part of the backbone of DNA The nitrogenous bases of DNA The rails of the ladder 33 Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

Which of the following nucleotide base sequences complements the section of DNA modeled above? F 5′UTCGCA3′ G H 5′GCGATT3′ J 5′TTUCGC3′ 36 A’s go to T’s. C’s go to G’s. 5′TTAGCG3′ Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

This chart shows the results of an experiment performed in the 1920s using a bacterial species that causes pneumonia in humans. The experiment involved several procedures using two different bacterial strains, R and S. What is a possible explanation for the results in Group 2? A Living S-strain bacteria can transform into a pathogenic form of R-strain bacteria. B Living R-strain bacteria are controlled by a mouse’s immune system. C Dead S-strain bacteria can cause disease. D Dead R-strain bacteria can confer resistance to S-strain bacteria. 9 Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

Which of the following best describes the question this set of procedures was designed to answer? A Can a substance from dead bacteria transform living bacteria? B Can R bacterial cells survive heating? C Can dead bacterial cells confer immunity to a living host? D Can bacterial cells be isolated from a healthy host? 25 Home Back to DNA

DNA passes information to RNA during the process of — F transcription G active transport H regeneration J osmosis m -RNA DNA Transcription: messenger RNA (m-RNA) copies the DNA code for the protein that needs to be made. 34 Home Back to DNA

If the template of a strand of DNA is 5' AGATGCATC 3', the complementary strand will be — F 3' TCTACGTAG 5' G 5' CTACGTAGA 3' H 3' AGATGCATC 5' J 5' AGACGTCTA 3' 24 Both are DNA. No “U’s”. A’s go to T’s. C’s go to G’s. 5' AGATGCATC 3', Home Back to DNA

Which of these represents the DNA segment from which this section of mRNA was transcribed? A B TCUTTG C GAAUCU D UCCTGA 33 ACTAAG DNA A T C G mRNA U A G C Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that normally begins with UAC has been changed so that the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins with UAG. Which of the following will most likely occur? A The protein will be missing the first amino acid. B The amino acids that make up the protein will all be different. C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome. D The production of the protein will be stopped. 27 Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

Use this chart for the next question. A GA AGA Home Back to DNA

The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred? F The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected. G The identity of one amino acid would change. H The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged. J The identities of more than one amino acid would change. 26 normal Mutated has one substitution. Only if there had been a deletion of 3 or more letters. AGA codes for arginine, and ACA codes for threonine. This can happen when only one or two letters are added or deleted. AGA codes for arginine, and ACA codes for threonine. Home Back to DNA

Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when — F replication of DNA is exact G a DNA enzyme attaches to an RNA codon H RNA codons are replaced by DNA nucleotides J a change occurs in DNA nucleotide bases 22 Replication Home Back to DNA

Home Back to DNA

Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to the sun. This mutated DNA has no effect on future offspring because — F changes in skin cell DNA are homozygous recessive G mutations must occur within the RNA codons H offspring reject parental skin cells J only changes to gamete DNA can be inherited 26 Home Back to DNA

Genetics and Heredity Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

According to the table, which of the following phenotypes would probably occur in all the offspring from the parents shown above? F Solid gray fur G Striped gray fur H Green eyes J Blue eyes 40 Dad = GgBb and Mom = ggBB Definitely mom will give all offspring a “B” for green eyes. Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

If an organism has the genotype RrSsTtUu, what proportion of its gametes will be RSTU? ●½, ●¼, ●1/8, ●1/16. RrSsTtUu 2 4 = 16 Rr 2 1 = 2 RrSs RrSsTt 2 2 = = 8 Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

What is a probable reason why increased uses of anitbiotics are causing more bacteria to be resistant to those antibiotics? A The bacteria get used to an antibiotic. B There are always individuals in a population that were created resistant. Those individuals and their clones are outnumbering the non-resistant strains. Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

A pea plant with the genotype TtWW is crossed with a pea plant with the genotype ttWw. How many different genotypes can be expressed in the offspring? F 1 G 2 H 3 J 4 46 TW tW tw TtWWttWW TtWwttWw Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

What trait will most likely be observed in all offspring of the above set of parents? A Green feathers B Yellow feathers C Long beak D Short beak 53 The male will ensure that all the offspring green. Half the offspring will be carriers for yellow. Half the offspring will have long beaks but will be carriers for short. The other half of the offspring will have short beaks. Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Coat color in mice varies greatly, ranging from black to grizzly gray, black-and-white, spotted, or white. The nucleus from a body cell of a grizzly-gray mouse is fused with an egg from a black mouse from which the nucleus has been removed. The egg begins to divide and is then transplanted into a female white mouse. What will be the most likely coat color of the offspring? F Black G Black with white spots H Grizzly gray J White 36 Grizzly-gray DNA added Egg and sperm from black mice. Black mouse fertilized egg’s DNA removed. Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

The diagram represents the chromosomes of a person with a genetic disorder caused by nondisjunction, in which the chromosomes fail to separate properly. Which chromosome set displays nondisjunction? F 2 G 8 H 21 J There should be 2 chromosomes (one from the egg and one from the sperm) in all the 23 spots. There are 3 chromosomes instead of two. Home Back to genetic s Back to genetic s

Classification Home Go to: Naming Go to: Kingdoms Back to classification

The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the — F spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarki G Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax H northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens J African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus 12 Things in the same genus are related to each other. Home Back to classification

Which of these classifications is most specific? A Family B Genus C Phylum D Order 49 K, P, C, O, F, G, S Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

Dogs (Canis familiaris) are most closely related genetically to which of the following organisms? A African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus) B Gray wolf (Canis lupus) C Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) D Domestic cat (Felis catus) 1 Organisms in the same genus are closely related. Home Back to classification

A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom — F Animalia G Fungi H Plantae J Protista 4 These 3 kingdoms are normally multicellular, though there are some unicellular fungi, but the fungi would not have cilia or flagella. Home Back to classification

One characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is that both — F store genetic information in nucleic acids G have a crystalline structure H gain energy directly from the sun J use glucose for respiration 42 Home Back to classification

Which of the following factors helps spread disease-causing bacteria? F Low temperatures G Access to new hosts H Mutation by heat energy J Availability of light 14 Parasites need a method of traveling from one host to another to continue their species. Home Back to classification

This organism most likely is a member of which kingdom? F Eubacteria G Protista H Animalia J Plantae Single cell with nucleus 32 Home Back to classification

The kingdom Animalia includes all of these except — A jellyfish B sponges C amoebas D roundworms 31 Protista Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms probably belong to the kingdom — A Plantae B Fungi C Animalia D Protista 37 Multicellular, but make their own food. Multicellular fungi are not mobile. Unicellular usually. Home Back to classification

Some zooplankton belong to the kingdom Protista. Members of this kingdom are characterized as — A having segmented bodies with jointed appendages B containing one or more eukaryotic cells C laying eggs with a leathery protective shell D having a four-chambered heart 17 Kingdom Protista is mostly unicellular eukaryotes, with some multicellular plantlike organisms. Home Back to classification

Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats, boiling- hot springs, and carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because of bacteria’s — F biochemical diversity G small sizes H round shapes J methods of movement Diversity means ‘differences’. 2 Home Back to classification

The cell above most likely belongs to an organism of the kingdom — F Animalia G Plantae H Fungi J Eubacteria 38 Square cell Nucleus Walls Chloroplasts Big center vacuole of water. Home Back to classification

Compared to annual rings of trees that have experienced years of sufficient rainfall, the annual rings of trees that have experienced a dry period will — F be softer G grow at a faster rate H be thinner J photosynthesize at a faster rate 52 Home Back to classification

3 The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower. Which of these parts are not directly involved in sexual reproduction? A Stigma and style B Sepal and pedicel C Anther and filament D Receptacle and ovary Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

Home Back to classification

This animal most likely belongs to phylum A Porifera B Annelida C Mollusca D Arthropoda 53 This animal is segmented but these are NOT jointed legs. Home Back to classification

Body systems Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Nutrients from digested food move from the digestive system directly into the — A circulatory system B integumentary system C excretory system D endocrine system 29 Blood Skin/hair/nails Urine/kidneys Hormones Home Back to systems

Which system of the body would be directly affected if a large number of T cells were attacked by a virus? A Cardiovascular system B Immune system C Endocrine system D Respiratory system 41 Blood and heart White blood cells Hormones Breathing/lungs Home Back to systems

The diagram represents a human arm. Which structure is most responsible for moving the arm to a straighter position? A Tendons of origin B Biceps C Radius D Triceps When a muscle contracts, it gets shorter. 29 Home Back to systems

A portion of the human excretory system is represented in the diagram. The order in which urine flows through the system is — F urethra → bladder → ureter → kidney G ureter → kidney → bladder → urethra H kidney → ureter → bladder → urethra J bladder → urethra → kidney → ureter 16 Ureter Urethra Home Back to systems

Which structure in the upper arm is responsible for raising the lower arm? A 1 B 2 C 3 D Tendons of a muscle. 1. Anchor of a muscle. 3. Muscle that gets shorter. 4. Anchor of the muscle. Home Back to systems

Which of the following is directly caused by muscle action? F Regeneration of nerves G Healing of wounds H Release of hormones J Extension of limbs Your arms and legs are limbs. You extend (move) your limbs when your muscles contract. 6 Home Back to systems

Which system is responsible for producing enzymes that aid in breaking down substances to be absorbed for the body’s growth and repair? F Digestive system G Reproductive system H Respiratory system J Skeletal system 48 Makes food small enough to be absorbed by blood and needful cells. Makes gametes and sometimes nourishment for the young. Place of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Place of mineral storage, blood cell production, muscle attachment, protection of organs, means of mobility. Home Back to systems

A ruler placed between one student’s fingers and thumb is released without warning. A second student catches the ruler. The distance the ruler falls is recorded. This experiment is most likely designed to determine the — F effects of stress on the first student’s heart rate G acceleration of the ruler during its fall H second student’s reaction time to a stimulus J force applied on a falling mass 46 Home Back to systems

The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts quickly to increased levels of CO 2 in the blood and stimulates a response from the — A excretory system B immune system C respiratory system D integumentary system 25 The kidneys react to other wastes in blood. The white blood cells react to pathogens. The lungs react to the muscles which react to the brain. The skin reacts to the hypothalamus(themostat.) Home Back to systems

Which body system is directly responsible for delivering nutrients to cells throughout the body? A Circulatory system B Integumentary system C Endocrine system D Respiratory system 47 Home Back to systems

All of the following symptoms are likely associated with bacterial infection except — F skin rashes or lesions G elevated body temperature H swollen glands or tissues J increased red blood cell count 18 All 3 of these things can happen when you are fighting a bacterial infection. You build more white blood cells in response to infections, NOT red blood cells. Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

In the diagram above, one cell creates and releases chemicals that travel to a second cell and quickly induce that cell into action. This diagram represents part of the — A endocrine system B skeletal system C muscular system D nervous system 51 Endocrine cells of a gland skeletal cells in a bone Muscle cells on a bone Home Back to systems

When a person is frightened by a wild animal, some organ systems immediately become active, while others are suppressed. Which of these systems is likely to be suppressed? F Muscular system G Respiratory system H Endocrine system J Digestive system 28 Hormones Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems

Home Back to systems