Lesson on Earth’s Landforms Change Over Time Lesson on Earth’s Landforms llhammon

The Forces Natural Forces from inside the Earth Process: Tectonic Activity Natural Forces on the surface of the Earth Process: Weathering Process: Erosion Process: Ice (and gravity) Process: Wind (deposition) Process: Water (deposition)

Weathering is the chemical and physical processes that change the characteristics of rocks on the Earth’s surface. It is also known (AKA) as the preparation for erosion. In order for weathering to occur, the environment of a rock sample must change and the rock needs to be exposed to some form of water and the air. Human processes such as pollution, which can be a large factor in acid rain, along with the acts of other living organisms, can cause chemical weathering to occur at faster rates.

Weathering - the various mechanical and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose; or the erosion or breakdown of rock into smaller fragments by natural physical agents with no chemicals involved; also called Desintigration.

Soil Horizons It is C horizon (parent material and rock) where the weathering can occur. USGS

In your geographic dictionary write the definition and sketch for each landform. For the sentence section use the example provided. The definition is in BLACK. The cause is in RED. The example is in YELLOW.

Strait – where 2 landmasses almost meet- tectonic activity (not Atlas!) Strait of Gibraltar Between the continents of Europe and Africa Photo - NASA

Peninsula - a landmass surrounded by water on 3 sides– Florida at night - USA Photo - NASA

Volcano-Erosion – wind – Devil’s Tower, Wyoming - USA NGS

Volcanic mountain – tectonic activity – Mt. Fuji – Japan

Folded mountains – tectonic activity – Appalachians – East coast United States NGS

Rift –a section of the Earth that has opened– tectonic activity – Great Rift Valley – Eastern coast of African continent NGS

Canyon – a deep narrow depression in the Earth’s surface, aka, gorge-Erosion – water – Grand Canyon - USA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpEIUSWFdbY Lava fall video 3 minutes

NGS Dome mountain - wind /originally tectonic activity – Uluru (Ayers Rock) Outback of Australia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7wdeJ7m1rM

Dome Mountain (tectonic activity) – Enchanted Rock – near Fredericksburg, Texas

Sand Dunes- Erosion – wind – – Sahara – North Africa NGS

Large Island of Hawaii – KONA USA Island a landmass surrounded by water on all sides– Volcanic –Tectonic Activity – Large Island of Hawaii – KONA USA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6J6X9PsAR5w Kilauea eruption 3 minutes NASA

Glacier -body of ice that forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its a(melting capacity) over many years– ice/gravity-Patagonia NASA

Fault-where 2 tectonic plates (tectonic activity) Andes Mountains South America Andes NASA

Butte –isolated hill with steep sides aka (mesa) Erosion – wind - Monument Valley – Utah, USA NGS

Delta – where a river empties into the ocean-Deposition – water – Mississippi River Delta – Louisiana - USA NASA

NASA

Delta - Deposition – water – Nile River Delta – Egypt - Africa NASA

River- a natural water source that flows towards the ocean - Water – Amazon River, Brazil – South America NASA

Gulf -a deep inlet of the sea almost surrounded by land, with a narrow mouth. – Gulf of Mexico – Western Hemisphere Rand McNally

Atafu Atoll-Tokelau Islands S. Pacific Atoll – A ring-shaped reef, island, or chain of islands formed of coral-originally tectonic –volcanic island that sinks. Atafu Atoll-Tokelau Islands S. Pacific NASA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGKUCPyzTYM Aerial shot of the Blue hole in Belize, show only 2 minutes

Isthmus -a narrow strip of land with sea on either side, forming a link between two larger areas of land – Gulf of Tehuantepec - Mexico NASA

Peninsula -piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.– Iberian - Europe NASA

Fjord - a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs- Erosion - Glacial movement (ice)-Norway fjords http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Cs-zZ0Qu5Y NGS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AImP8CvPjd8 Live fjord flying

Fault-block Mountains – Tectonic Activity Sierra Nevada - California

(V shaped valley ) Erosion –water- Formed by river Cirque, Oregon

Chesapeake Bay – East coast United States Bay –a broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inward Chesapeake Bay – East coast United States NASA

Glacier -Erosion – ice Tierra del Fuego, Chile NGS

Glacial movement – Ice - Great Lakes - USA NASA Glacial movement – Ice - Great Lakes - USA

Plateau-An area of fairly level high ground- Erosion (wind) - Colorado Plateau - USA

Barrier Island -a long narrow sandy island (wider than a reef) running parallel to the shore Deposition – water- South Padre Island NASA

U-shaped valley- carved by a glacial erosion, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Utah.