Decline of Roman Empire- Germanic Barbarians took over and everything fell apart

PeriodizationPeriodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages:

Europe in the 6c

Middle Ages Had roots in classical Rome, Roman Catholic Church, Germanic customsHad roots in classical Rome, Roman Catholic Church, Germanic customs Y?Y? 1)Trade decreased, less $$ 2)Downfall of cities– went to villages 3)Population went from city to Rural (country) 4)Decline of Learning 5)Loss of common language- different dialects

“Franks” Who: Germanic People, ClovisWho: Germanic People, Clovis What: group of people that held power in GaulWhat: group of people that held power in Gaul Where: Gual (France & Switzerland today)Where: Gual (France & Switzerland today) When: 511When: 511 Why: The leader Clovis converted to Christianity & united all the Franks = made them all ChristianWhy: The leader Clovis converted to Christianity & united all the Franks = made them all Christian

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

Charlemagne Who: Charles the Great, king of Carolingian dynasty that ruled Frankish kingdomWho: Charles the Great, king of Carolingian dynasty that ruled Frankish kingdom What: Holy Roman EmperorWhat: Holy Roman Emperor Where:Where: When:When: Why… on the next slide…Why… on the next slide…

1)Built an empire greater than any known since Rome (Holy Roman Empire- [also a NC]) 2)He was crowned HRE by the pope = Pope had more power than a king… will be a prob for a LONG time… 3)Limited authority of nobles 4)His death = break up of power & lands = feudalism & diff. countries in Europe

Holy Roman Empire (HRE) Who: Charlemagne, EuropeansWho: Charlemagne, Europeans What: a united empire of Europe under one power- CharlemagneWhat: a united empire of Europe under one power- Charlemagne Where: Most of EuropeWhere: Most of Europe When:When: Why: No other leader has been able to unify all of Europe under one pwer since thenWhy: No other leader has been able to unify all of Europe under one pwer since then

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

The Carolingian Renaissance

European Feudalism Section 2

FeudalismFeudalism What: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service - governed Europe during Middle Ages

Pyramid social structure

Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

Village Church Village Bakery Peasant Home

Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague Manor system provided feudal lords with wealth; peasants serfs were forced to work the land in exchange for food and shelter; near slave labor Serfs typically could not leave the manor freely; had few rights and little economic opportunity Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this system; serfs could dictate wages and labor opportunities would open up in the cities c.1350

The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

The Power of the Church Section 4 Pgs

The Power of the Church Weak political gov’ts around EuropeWeak political gov’ts around Europe = Church #1 Center of everyone’s lives in Middle Ages (remember the picture- center of the village)Center of everyone’s lives in Middle Ages (remember the picture- center of the village) Religion: _______________Religion: _______________

Structure of the church Hierarchy of Clergy- just like FeudalismHierarchy of Clergy- just like Feudalism Clergy: religious officialsClergy: religious officials Pope Bishop Priest Nuns/Monks

(Clergy) Why? Served as the unifying force among the people in M.A.– brought people togetherServed as the unifying force among the people in M.A.– brought people together Served as the main contact with the Church and God– aka SalvationServed as the main contact with the Church and God– aka Salvation Administered Sacraments (important Religious ceremonies/rites)Administered Sacraments (important Religious ceremonies/rites) –Ex: Baptism, Marriage, Communion

Monasteries Who: European ChristiansWho: European Christians What: religious communities where Monks lived; Nuns lived in conventsWhat: religious communities where Monks lived; Nuns lived in convents Where: EuropeWhere: Europe When: Middle Ages When: Middle Ages Why:Why: 1) were Europe’s best educated communities: schools, libraries, copied

A Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Canon Law Who:Who: What: system of justice- The law of the Church for matters such as marriage & religious practicesWhat: system of justice- The law of the Church for matters such as marriage & religious practices Where:Where: When:When: Why: If you didn’t obey Canon Law, you would be excommunicated or not allowed to take Sacraments = Hell!!!Why: If you didn’t obey Canon Law, you would be excommunicated or not allowed to take Sacraments = Hell!!!

Power: Pope or King? The Pope had #1 power on earth..The Pope had #1 power on earth.. Kings thought they were from God & should have the #1 power…Kings thought they were from God & should have the #1 power… = struggle… Who has the #1 power?= struggle… Who has the #1 power? Examples:Examples: –Charlemagne –Otto

(Power struggle contd) The Church resented Kings/nobles having power over the church..The Church resented Kings/nobles having power over the church.. The Pope BANS Lay Investiture…The Pope BANS Lay Investiture… Irritates King, so King says: “Step down!”Irritates King, so King says: “Step down!” Pope Excommunicates King HenryPope Excommunicates King Henry = The Pope has more power!= The Pope has more power!

Lay Investiture Who: European Kings & the PopeWho: European Kings & the Pope What: Kings & nobles appointed church officialsWhat: Kings & nobles appointed church officials Where: _(you should know these by now…)_____Where: _(you should know these by now…)_____ When: __________When: __________ Why: Kings had power over the church = the Church/Pope gets mad = Pope BANS Lay Investiture= King & Pope fightWhy: Kings had power over the church = the Church/Pope gets mad = Pope BANS Lay Investiture= King & Pope fight

Concordat of Worms Who: Pope & KingsWho: Pope & Kings What: agreement b.n Pope & Kings thatWhat: agreement b.n Pope & Kings that Where: Worms, GermanyWhere: Worms, Germany When: 1122 CE (Middle Ages)When: 1122 CE (Middle Ages) Why:Why:

DON’T FORGET to do these cards that aren’t here… Carolingian DynastyCarolingian Dynasty LordLord FiefFief VassalVassal KnightsKnights SerfSerf ManorManor ChivalryChivalry

The Power of the Medieval Church  bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.  the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.  tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat.  curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition  tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.  Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

Romanesque Architectural Style e Rounded Arches. e Barrel vaults. e Thick walls. e Darker, simplistic interiors. e Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.