THE GOES-R SERIES ADVANCED BASELINE IMAGER (ABI) UW-Madison Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT) James J Gurka NOAA/NESDIS/OSD Mathew M. Gunshor, Jun Li, etc. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS) Madison, WI GOES-R Users Conference May 2004

Limitations of Current GOES Imagers –Missing spectral bands –Low spatial resolution –Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts –Eclipse and related outages The ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) is the next generation operational geostationary imager. The GOES-R/ABI era will begin in 2012.

The Advanced Baseline Imager: ABICurrent Spectral Coverage 16 bands5 bands Spatial resolution 0.64  m Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other Visible/nearIR 1.0 kmn/a Bands (>2  m) 2 kmApprox. 4 km Spatial coverage Full disk 4 per hourEvery 3 hours CONUS 12 per hour~4 per hour Visible On-orbit calibration YesNo Low-light imaging YesNo

ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager ABI coverage in ~5 minutesCurrent GOES coverage in 5 minutes There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI: 1)full disk images every 15 minutes + CONUS images every 5 minutes + mesoscale. 2)Full disk every 5 minutes.

Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI The current GOES has only one visible band. Haze Clouds Veg. Cirrus Part. size Snow, Phase AVIRIS spectra Radiance

While there are differences, there are also many similarities for the spectral bands on MET-8 and the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the MET-8 and ABI have many more bands than the current operational imagers.

Weighting Functions for the IR channels on the ABI Weighting functions for the standard atmosphere at a local zenith angle of 40 degrees.

Current GOES Imagers ABI Bands Based on experience from:

Current GOES Imagers MSG/AVHRR/ Sounder(s) ABI Bands Based on experience from:

Current GOES Imagers MODIS, Aircraft, etc ABI Bands MSG/AVHRR/ Sounder(s) Based on experience from:

Approximate noise for the current GOES Imager bands in (Bold). Note these are for larger FOV (between 4 and 16 times) than the ABI! ABI NEdT Spec Values

Noise 0.1 K for most IR bands; 0.3 K for the 13.3 band ~300:1 for the reflective bands

Select Products clouds/fogsolar insolation aerosol productshurricane intensity cloud phase, cloud particle size snow, ice volcanic ash/ SO 2 land/sea surface temperature atmospheric motion fires cloud height/emissivity haze/dust NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) severe weather signatures turbulence ozone radiances, cloud mask rainfall Products that are highlighted are included in this talk

Great Lakes Region Feb 12, 2001 MODIS Bands 1/4/3 (0.65, 0.555, 0.47 μm)

Linden_haze_0.47 µm (ABI spectral band from AVIRIS data) Smoke

Daytime water/ice cloud delineation Baum

Three-color composite (0.64, 1.6 and 11 µm) shows the low cloud over the snow and the water versus ice clouds. Low cloud Snow

The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses. Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI

Utility of the 0.86  m band Useful in determining vegetation amount, aerosols, and for ocean/land studies. Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring, fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval. Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3 and VIIRS. SCARB_0.85µm AVIRIS data:

Simulated ABI (11-12 μm) One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption 20 February 2001, 0845 UTC Volcanic Ash Plume: and μm images UW/CIMSS Simulated ABI ( μm) Poster…Ellrod

Slightly shift, toward larger wavenumbers, the two narrow ABI water vapor bands to better discriminate the SO 2 peak. SO2 calculations from F. Prata

ABI Water Vapor Band Differences convolved from AIRS data (SO 2 plume from Montserrat Island, West Indies ) ABI 7.4 μm μmABI 7.34 μm μm (“shifted”) Difference of left and right images

Upper-level SO 2 poster…Schreiner et al. Simulated GOES-R ABI Image Difference Plume Simulated IR spectrums for “normal” and “SO 2 enriched” atmosphere and spectral response functions Difference and GOES-R ABI SRF TOMS Carn

GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product for the Pacific Northwest Date: August 17, 2001 Time: 2200 UTC NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysis for the continental U.S. Date: August 18, 2001 Time: 1200 UTC GOES-R ABI will improve fire detection and characterization useful for air quality monitoring and forecasting FIRES Smoke Poster…Schmidt et al. and S. Kondragunta et al.

ABI “Natural Color” Image (from MODIS) Hurricane Isabel on September 18, 2003 from MODIS This represents a “best case” for generating an “natural color” Red- Green-Blue” composite image, given the MODIS 550 nm data from this image was used to build the Look Up Table (LUT) to simulate the “green” component from the other spectral bands. The HES-Coastal Water will have a 550 nm band. Poster…Schmidt; Miller

The created ABI natural color image with “green” band from look-up table (middle panel), the original natural color image from red, green and blue bands (left panel), and the difference in percentage (white=0%, black=100%) between the images. MODIS data were used. This represents the “best case”, given the MODIS 0.55 um data from this image was used for the LUT.

GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure 13.3  m allows for better cloud-top information estimates

Simulated ABI Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm) 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC Actual GOES-8 Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region. UW/CIMSS Both images are shown in GOES projection.

5 March Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog. Fog UW/CIMSS GOES-10 4 minus 11 μm DifferenceABI 4 minus 11 μm Difference Both images are shown in the GOES projection. Fog -- Based on GOES Imager 3.9 µm

Simulated ABI (from MODIS) Actual GOES Enhanced “V”: IR windows May 25, 2000 Enhanced “V” concentric anvil- layer waves Higher Spatial Resolution GOES Channels

Satellite-derived precipitation estimates will be improved for GOES-R: - higher spatial resolution (better depiction of cold cores) - more frequent images (offers cell growth information) - improved cloud height (with multiple bands and HES) - new ABI bands (phase information, better cloud detection) - better NEdT’s - better navigation/registration Satellite-derived rainfall estimates Poster…Kuligowski

Radiances and Cloud Mask This includes both the navigated, calibrated pixels, as well as a clear-sky mask. For example, MODIS uses 17 of the 36 MODIS bands to identify the presence of clouds. For the ABI: Potentially all bands would be used, depending on the location and time of day. Plus, both clear and cloudy radiances can be used for Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) – along with a host of products (winds, cloud-top information, snow cover, etc.) Poster…Frey et al.

1.88  m (or 1.38  m) is helpful for contrail detection Examples from MAS (Chs 2, 10, 16). Contrail detection is important when estimating many surface parameters. There is also interest in the climate change community.

Combined GOES-8 & -10 Imager Long Wave Band (11.0  m) Combined GOES-8 & -10 Imager Water Vapor Band (6.7  m) Clear-Sky Brightness Temperature (CSBT Image) Sample:

Current routine GOES and ABI temporal sampling Regional View This simulated GOES-R ABI loop was created by morphing between two actual GOES images. "Morphing" describes a broad category of digital image algorithms used to create smooth, seamless transitions between two or more images. ABI Poster…Wimmers

MET-8 - The advanced multi- spectral geostationary operational imager, Met- 8, can be used to prepare for the ABI.

Improved products will be realized from combinations of ABI and HES (Hyperspectral Environmental Suite) data (IR and Visible/near IR on the HES-Coastal Water)! ABI HES Surface emissivity Spectral coverage Spectral resolution Temporal resolution Spatial resolution Cloud clearing

Much improved spatial coverage with the HES Sounder Current GOES Sounder coverage in one hour CIMSS GOES-R HES Sounder coverage in one hour Cloud Top Pressure

GOES R Observational Requirements* Preliminary Instrument Allocation * Does not reflect individual geographic coverage requirements. ABI – Advanced Baseline Imager HES – Hyperspectral Environmental Suite SEM – Space Environment Monitor SXI – Solar X-Ray Imager GLM – GOES Lightning Mapper Prepared By: L.O’Connor 04/23/2004

“0.64  m” (MODIS) “0.86  m” (MODIS) “1.38  m” (MODIS) “1.61  m” (MET-8) “2.26  m” (MODIS) “3.9  m” (MODIS) “6.19  m” (MET-8) “6.95  m” (AIRS) “7.34  m” (AIRS) “0.47  m” (MODIS) “8.5  m” (MODIS) “9.61  m” (MODIS) “10.35  m” (AIRS) “11.2  m” (MODIS) “12.3  m” (MODIS) “13.3  m” (MODIS) Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) (K) (reflectance)

Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) “0.64  m”“0.86  m”“1.38  m” “1.61  m”“2.26  m”“3.9  m”“6.19  m” “6.95  m”“7.34  m” “0.47  m” “8.5  m”“9.61  m” “10.35  m”“11.2  m”“12.3  m”“13.3  m”

Similar bands on the GOES-12 Imager “0.64  m”“0.86  m”“1.38  m” “1.61  m”“2.26  m”“3.9  m”“6.19  m” “6.95  m”“7.34  m” “0.47  m” “8.5  m”“9.61  m” “10.35  m”“11.2  m”“12.3  m”“13.3  m”

Data needed to realistically simulate the ABI AttributeInstruments Spatial resolutions (IR)MODIS (no μm) Spatial resolutions (Vis/nearIR) MODIS Aircraft AVIRIS Spectral widths (IR)AIRS (no 8.5 μm, spectral gaps) Aircraft NAST-I MSG/MET-8 Spectral widths (Vis/nearIR)Aircraft AVIRIS Temporal aspectsCurrent GOES in special mode MSG/MET-8 (15 min. full disk) Spatial & spectral & temporalNone.

ABI addresses Imager concerns by: increasing spatial resolution - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR scanning faster - temporal sampling improved - more regions scanned adding bands - new and/or improved products enabled Simulations (from MODIS, AIRS, NAST-I, MSG and AVIRIS) show that the ABI addresses needs for cloud, moisture, air quality and surface products. Every product from the current GOES imager will be improved! Every band on the ABI will be used for a number of products. ABI will allow exciting new products from geostationary orbit, especially when combined with data from the HES. Summary -- ABI

ABI Research Home page (with a link to all these links): ABI Simulated images from NASA AIRS Direct Broadcast: GOES and MODIS Galleries: ABI Documentation from NASA: ABI Simulated Spectral Response functions: ftp://ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/ABI/SRF More information -- ABI

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