Chapter 12 Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health

Your Cardiovascular System Chapter 12 Section 1

Main Parts of the Cardiovascular System

Functions of the Cardiovascular system

Delivering Materials It also delivers oxygen to the cells. For example: Blood picks up glucose from the digestive system and takes it to the cells for energy. It also delivers oxygen to the cells.

Removing Wastes Blood picks up the waste products in your cells and transports them out of the body. For example: carbon dioxide that is made from the cell using glucose is transported to lungs where it is exhaled.

Fighting Disease Blood contains cells that fight off disease; it also has properties that seal cuts to prevent blood loss and blood contamination.

Structure of the Heart The heart is divided into right and left sides. Each side has an upper chamber (atrium) and lower chamber (ventricle). Atria receive blood Ventricles pump blood out Valves separate the two and allow the blood to flow one way.

What Makes Your Heart Beat? A small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium called the sinoatrial node (pacemaker) receives a signal from the brain to increase or decrease your heartbeat. What Kind of neurons do you think are in these group of cells? After the atrium fills with blood, it pumps the blood to ventricle; that’s the first beat. After the ventricle fills with blood, it pumps the blood to the body; that’s the second beat.

Blood Vessels Arteries- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries- branch from the smallest arteries and are the smallest blood vessels. Play a huge role in that capillaries allow O2 and dissolved nutrients to pass through capillary walls into the body’s cells as well as pick up waste CO2. Veins- Blood flows from the capillaries to the veins and the veins transport the blood back to the heart.

Blood Pressure Blood pressure- the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels. Systolic pressure- pressure on arteries when ventricles contract; the top number in blood pressure reading Diastolic pressure- pressure on arteries when ventricles are relaxed; the bottom number in a blood pressure reading. Example: 120/80; 120= systolic 80= diastolic

Blood Pressure Normal Blood Pressure- 90/60 – 119/79 Low Blood Pressure- <90/60 generally not a problem unless organs are not getting enough oxygen. High Blood Pressure- 120/80 – 139/89 prehypertensive 140/90 or higher hypertensive

Blood Average adult has 4-6 quarts of blood. Blood is made of four components. 1. Plasma-liquid component of blood; 55% of blood. Carries nutrients, hormones, & salts to the cells, and wastes to the kidneys. 2. Red Blood Cells-carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body. 3. White Blood Cells- help protect you against diseases and foreign substances. 4. Platelets- cells fragments that stick to the edges of a cut and release clotting factors to eventually form a scab.

Blood Types

Transfusions Refer to page 298

Quiz How many chambers make up the human heart? There are three types of blood vessels, arteries, veins, and ____________. There are four components of blood name two. Name two functions of the cardiovascular system. A small group of cells in the wall of the right atrium that regulates the heart beat is called the _____________.

Cardiovascular Health Chapter 12 Section 2 Pages 299-305

Cardiovascular Diseases These lifelong diseases are the leading causes of death in the U.S. Hypertension and high cholesterol are 2 factors that increase your risk for heart attack and stroke. BOTH FACTORS MAY BEGIN IN YOUR TEENS!

Hypertension Damages blood vessels walls due to increase force of blood. Heart must work overtime to supply adequate blood to the body. Called the “silent killer” affects 1/3 of people

Blood Cholesterol Produced naturally in the body; also found in animal products we consume. Cholesterol is transported by lipoproteins. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)- bad cholesterol High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)- good cholesterol

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) vs. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) LDL carries cholesterol to be stored in body tissue for use and storage. Bad cholesterol because it leads to plaque build up and eventually atherosclerosis, a hardening & thickening of an artery. HDL picks up excess cholesterol from the tissues and arteries and transports it to the liver to be metabolized .

Heart Attack and Stroke When a blood clot cannot pass through a narrowed artery because of atherosclerosis, it cuts off the blood flow in an artery. If the artery leads to the heart (heart attack) or if the artery leads to the brain (stroke).

Other Cardiovascular Disorders Heart Murmur- 50% of children are diagnosed with a heart murmur. It is an extra sound in the lub dub of the heart beat. Seldom is it a problem. Hole in the heart- hole in the wall separating the two atria. Usually closes after birth. Arrhythmia- irregular heart beat often times it is normal, but may be a sign of a faulty pacemaker

Keeping Healthy Exercise regularly Eat healthy Avoid smoking

Quiz True or False: HDL is the good cholesterol. True or False: LDL adds to plaque in the artery walls. True or False: Hypertension and High Cholesterol are 2 factors that increase your risk of heart attack and stroke. True or False: An arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat. True or False: When you exercise the heart muscles strengthen, allowing more blood to be pumped with each heart beat.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is the ability of your heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to your body. When you are active your heart and lungs must be able to supply your body with the oxygen it needs. How do you improve your cardiorespiratory fitness?

Test your cardiorespiratory fitness. Walk or Run 1 mile Male: 14yr. old 7:45 15-18yr. old 7:30 Female: 14yr. old 10:30 15-18yr old 10:30 *Times for average fitness levels would be less than those listed.

Calculate your target heart rate. Subtract your age from 220 Maximum heart rate (MHR) Multiply your MHR by .6 and then again by .8 round to the nearest whole number. Then you have your target heart rate zone.

Choose an exercise program.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Chapter 12 Section 3 Page 306

Components of the Respiratory System Nasal Cavity Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Alveoli Diaphragm

Nasal Cavity Designed to filter out air contaminants Lined with hair and mucus Moisture in cavity helps to prevent lungs from drying out

Larynx (voice box) Made of cartilage Contains vocal cords

Trachea Made of C-shaped rings of cartilage Tiny cilia and mucus protect against pollutants

Bronchi In the chest, the Trachea divides into two bronchi Smallest passageways are called bronchioles, which end in clusters of alveoli

Alveoli Tiny air sacs containing a network of capillaries O2 and CO2 DIFFUSE across membrane O2 carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells

Mechanics of Breathing Two major actions: Inhalation- when air is pulled into lungs Exhalation- when air is pushed out of lungs

Diaphragm Causes breathing actions to occur Located at bottom of rib cage When contracted, it moves down causing air to be pulled into the lungs When relaxed, air is pushed out of the lungs

Quiz True or False: The diaphragm pushes down when you exhale. True or False: Alveoli are tiny air sacks in the trachea. True or False: Air is filtered in the mouth better than in the nasal cavity. True or False: Gas exchange takes place in the bronchus. True or False: The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen from outside the body into the lungs and removing carbon dioxide from the body.