1 Eye Injuries Pakistan ICITAP

2 Learning Objectives To be able to identify both a normal eye and an eye suffering from an abnormality To be familiar with first aid treatment for common eye injuries To know how to properly irrigate an eye

3 Introduction As Police Officers, you will be exposed to eye injuries resulting from accidents, combat and blast injuries The victim of an eye injury must be treated at a medical facility as soon as possible A knowledge of first aid can often mean the difference between life and death

4 Normal eye

5 Anatomy of the Eye

6 Abnormalities of the Eye Eye diseases Foreign body Burns Impaled object Trauma

7 Eye diseases Conjunctivitis Chlamydia

8 Conjunctivitis An infection of the membrane that covers the eye Can be caused by virus or bacteria Highly contagious!

9 Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis Redness (one or both eyes) Pain Discharge Blurry vision

10 Conjunctivitis mild severe

11 Treatment for Conjunctivitis Put on gloves Warm compresses to the eye A doctor will prescribe medication Wash hands thoroughly before and after contact with the infected eye to prevent spreading the infection!

12 Foreign body in the eye Any material such as dust, sand or paint that gets into the eye

13 Signs and symptoms of foreign body material in the eye Irritation Redness Watering Blurred vision Pain

14 Foreign body treatment Put on Gloves Pull the lower lid of the eye down

15 Foreign body treatment Tell the casualty to look up and to both sides and check for foreign bodies

16 Foreign body treatment Pull the upper lid up Tells the casualty to look down and to both sides and check for foreign bodies

17 Foreign body treatment Gently irrigate eyes with large amount of saline for minutes Patient may feel object is still in eye due to scratched cornea or eyelid

18 Foreign body treatment Removes the foreign body with a moistened, sterile cotton-tipped swab

19 Foreign body treatment Should have a doctor look at eye even if object comes out Dress both eyes

20 Burns to the eye Chemical burns can be deceiving Some agents can cause deep tissue damage not readily apparent when you first look at it

21 Signs and Symptoms of Burns to the Eye Initial lack of pain Gradual increase to severe eye pain Redness, swelling, tearing White in the colored part of the eye (the iris) Eyes sensitive to light Vision changes

22 Burns to the eye

23 Treatment for Burns  Ask the victim to remove contact lenses or glasses, if necessary  Positions the victim with head tilted slightly to side to be irrigated  If victim is seated tilt head slightly backward and to side to be irrigated

24 Treatment for Burns Gather and position equipment Put on gloves

25 Treatment for Burns Cleans the eyelids with gauze or cotton balls, and rinsed debris from the outer eye Separates the eyelids using the thumb and forefinger, and held the lids open DO NOT put pressure on eyeball

26 Treatment for Burns Irrigate the eye Irrigate from inner area to outer area to not contaminate other eye (nose side to ear side)  Hold irrigating tip inches away from eye  Direct irrigating solution gently from inner to outer aspect

27 Treatment for Burns Dry the area around the eye by gently patting with gauze sponges

28 Impaled Eye Objects Fish hook in the eye

29 Treatment for impaled objects Support the object with a sterile, dry dressing Immobilize object to minimize movement Never remove the object from the eye

30 Treatment for impaled objects Cover with paper drinking cup, etc.

31 Treatment for impaled objects Cover other eye with dressing to help prevent movement Reassure the victim by explaining why both eyes are being covered. The eyes move together. Covering both eyes will keep them still and will prevent undue movement on the injured side. Seek further medical aid

32 Trauma to the eye

33 Eye Injury

34 Blunt Eye Trauma

35 Blunt Eye Trauma

36 Blunt Eye Trauma Pain Double vision Abnormal eye movement Flashing lights, floaters Obvious eye trauma Pupil distorted

37 Care for Blunt Eye Injury C-spine immobilization Supine for transport Cover eyes to reduce movement

38 Eye Avulsion When the eyeball is knocked out of the socket the patient has suffered an avulsion Avoid replacing eye into the socket Cover with a sterile moist dressing Stabilize injury (e.g., paper cup over eye) Cover / dress the unaffected eye

39  In addition to the ones discussed, there are many other eye injuries and conditions that can occur Other Eye Injuries  Your job is to stabilize the patient, provide comfort and get him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

40 Questions?

41 Class Practical Exercise Practice some of the skills shared in this presentation