Carbon Sequestration Through an Urban Forest Varying Sequestration Rates by Species Monica Szarvas, Evan Neims, Fletcher Klaykamp, Haleigh Ryneski

Outline Definitions Hypothesis Field Work Forest Reserves Biomass Equation Thuja Plicata (Western Red Cedar) Alnus Rubra (Red Alder) Acer Macrophyllum (Bigleaf Maple) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) Urban Forestry co-benefits Additional Areas of study Citations

Definitions An Urban Forest is defined as a dense population of trees in a city. This could be anything from Olympia street trees to the TESC’s forest reserves content/uploads/2013/03/Trees_05.jpg

Hypothesis Hypotheses: Certain species of trees can sequester more carbon than other species Alternative: Non-Native trees sequester more carbon Null: All species of trees sequester the same amount of carbon

Szarvas,2014

Field Work Used diameter tape measures Measured 3 of each species Got an average DBH converted inches to cm res/Picture.ashx?PicId=248214

Biomass Equation Biomass is the mass of organisms by area or volume It is measured for purposed of estimated carbon pools, estimate forest carbon dynamics at a large scale and estimate carbon for research purposes. Biomass Equation: bm = Exp(B 0 + B 1 lndbh) bm = total above ground mass (kg) dbh = diameter at breast height (cm) exp = exponential function ln = natural log base (“e” )

Thuja Plicata Western Red Cedar “Tree of Life” Tremendous spiritual significance Above ground biomass lbs Carbon Sequestered -32, Average lifespan -220 years Mature tree sequestration rate- 147 lbs i mage credit: z57i.png

Alnus Rubra Red Alder Also called Oregon alder, western alder, and Pacific coast alder The Red Alder is the only commercial tree species west of the Rocky Mountains with the capability to fix atmospheric nitrogen Relatively short-lived, intolerant pioneer with rapid juvenile growth __________________________________ Aboveground biomass lbs Carbon Sequestered -3,366 lbs Average lifespan -50 years Mature tree sequestration rate- 56 lbs ins/moyen/GR11_Alnus_rub_silhouette.gif

Acer Macro Phyllum Bigleaf Maple Above ground biomass: lbs Carbon Sequestered -134,109 lbs Lifespan: 190 years Sequestration rate- 705 lbs sins/moyen/GR08_Acer_mac_silhouette.gif

pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas-fir The above ground biomass - 149, lbs 47,938 lbs Average lifespan -500 years Mature tree sequestration rate-149 lbs the future of Douglas-fir in western North America is highly uncertain due to the expected changes in climate conditions. analysis indicates a sensitivity of Douglas-fir to climate and suggests that significant changes in North America are to be expected under climate change By 2090, the amount of potential Douglas-fir habitat is projected to change little in terms of area (–4%). However, the habitat is expected to shift from coastal areas of North America to the interior image credit: ak0.pinimg.com/originals/db/a3/24/dba3247de0ae7418ed650 c f.jpg

Mitigating Climate Change through an Urban Forest Population density and temperature increase in urban areas Trees cool temperatures Carbon sink Urban Forests and Energy Conservation Lower crime rates Reduce air/water pollution strengthen communities

Additional Areas of Study Emission rates compared to sequestration Carbon Cycle and Tree life Cycle Urban Street trees in Olympia sequestration rates Plasticity of native species

Citations "Biogeochemical Cycle." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Feb Web. 08 Dec BuildingGreen”. N.p., Web. 08 Dec "Carbon Cycle." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Nov Web. 08 Dec "Carbon Sequestration." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Jan Web. 08 Dec "Download PDFs." Carbon Sequestration in Tropical Agroforestry Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Dec Kooten, G. Cornelis Van. "Mitigating Climate Change by Planting Trees: The Transaction Costs Trap." Land Economics 78.4 (2002): University of Chicago. EBSCO, Web. 8 Dec Schmerfeld, Usfws/arlington John, Usgs/reston Zhiliang Zhu, and Usgs/columbia Mike Hooper. DOI Restoration Workshop – April 30, 2014Strategic Goals and Objectives (n.d.): n. pag. Web. Kevin M. McFarland, Campus Reserves Forest Species Composition Report, 2007 PEI-YU CHE, Geographic Variation in Growth Response of Douglas-fir to Interannual Climate Variability and Projected Climate Change, 2010 Jennifer Jenkins, Comprehensive Database of Diameter-based Biomass Regressions for North American Tree Species, 2003 Soo-Hyung Kim, Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Urban Forests in the Puget Sound region: Climate Suitability Analysis for Tree Species, 2012 Forest Sequestration Controversy: Old-growth vs Young-growth Forests as Viable Carbon Offsets David Nowak, Institutionalizing urban forestry as a "biotechnology" to improve environmental quality, 2006 Joe Roush, The City of Olympia Master Street Tree Plan, 2011

Workman, Larry. "Evergreen State College Library LJW." Panoramio. Larry Workman, 7 Apr Web. 08 Dec “Carbon Dioxide Capture and Sequestration.” EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, Web. 06 Dec “Carbon Neutrality by 2020 Climate Change Action Plan.” The Evergreen State College, Web. 05 Dec “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” Youthforhumanrights.org, Web. Comprehensive Database of Diameter-based Biomass Regressions for North American Tree Species Jennifer C. Jenkins "Greenhouse Gas Inventories." At Evergreen. Evergreen State College, n.d. Web. 03 Feb Soo-Hyung Kim, Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Urban Forests in the Puget Sound region: Climate Suitability Analysis for Tree Species, 2012 Forest Sequestration Controversy: Old-growth vs Young-growth Forests as Viable Carbon Offsets David Nowak, Institutionalizing urban forestry as a "biotechnology" to improve environmental quality, 2006 Joe Roush, The City of Olympia Master Street Tree Plan, Harrington, Constance A. “Alnus Rubra Bong.” Alnus Rubra Bong. United States Forest Service, n.d. Web. 09 Mar