MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENTS

2 Foreign Body in the Eye  Check for contact lenses, particularly in unresponsive patient  If found, do not attempt to remove  Only those foreign objects on the surface can be removed safely by a first aider  An embedded object must be referred to medical aid

Signs & symptoms  Redness of the eyes  Irritation  Tearing eyes  Pain  Visible presence of a foreign body embedded in, or on, the patient’s eyeball 3

4 Treatment - Particles in the Eye  Wash hands and put gloves on  First, have patient pull upper lid over lower eyelid and blink  This may dislodge the particle sufficiently to be washed away by tears  If method 1 fails, pull downward on lower lid while patient looks up

Treatment – Particles in the Eye  If method 2 fails, while patient looks down, grasp upper lid and pull down  Place cotton-tip applicator against upper lid and pull lid back over the applicator  If can see object remove with clean cloth  If pain persists after removal, cover eye and get medical help 5

6 Treatment - Objects Embedded in Eye  DO NOT attempt to remove object  Warn the patient not to rub the eye  Wash hands thoroughly  Cover the affected eye with a dressing  Transport to medical aid

7 Treatment- Eye Burns  Chemical Burns Dilute the chemical immediately by flushing the eye with water or an already prepared sterile saline solution It may be necessary to hold the patient’s eyelids open Flush for at least 20 to 30 minutes Apply a moist dressing Transport to medical aid immediately  Thermal Burns: Apply moistened, sterile dressing Transport to medical aid immediately

Eye Injuries cont’d  Lacerated Eyelid: Apply pressure directed upwards without pressing on eyeball Transport to medical aid  Lacerated Eyeball: Do not exert pressure on the eyeball Pad around the eye and cover with a dressing Transport to medical aid  Snow Blindness: Place in dark room and apply ice compresses over eye Wear dark glasses for several days, even after redness and pain have disappeared Refer patient to medical aid 8

9 Tooth Injuries  Have the patient cover any exposed nerves with sterile dressing  If there is an avulsed tooth: handle by the crown only replace into socket if possible may be cleaned by holding it under a gentle stream of water, or saline solution never rub or vigorously clean the tooth  If patient is alert, but unable to replace in the socket: transport in the cheek of the individual caution against swallowing  If the patient is not alert: a small container of milk can be used to transport Time is critical for saving an avulsed tooth: must be implanted within 30 minutes

10 Abdominal Problems  Children often swallow such objects as coins, pins or tacks  Do not give anything by mouth  Refer to medical aid  Abdominal Pain There are many causes of pain in the abdomen or "stomach", some of which are serious Refer to medical aid If the injury is trauma related, take necessary precautions and treat accordingly

11 Childbirth  Ensure privacy  Comfort of mother  Clean and sterile environment  Support of baby’s head  Clearing of baby’s airway  Remove umbilical cord from baby’s neck, if necessary  Support the rest of the baby’s body with second hand  Wrap baby in a clean, dry blanket (always supporting the head)  Place on the mother’s abdomen, head lowered  Be prepared to offer infant AR or CPR  Keep baby and mother warm  Tie the umbilical cord at mid- point with a shoelace  Do not discard the placenta  If there is still bleeding from the mother and the uterus is not firm, massage the lower abdomen to assist in contraction

12 Childbirth