Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Lifestyle Diseases—TRUE OR FALSE??? Chapter 14 Do you eat foods low in saturated fat and sugar, and high in fiber? Do you eat foods that are low in added salt and sugar? Do you get some form of exercise every day? Do you avoid tobacco products and smoky environments? Do you get a yearly physical exam? Do you use sunscreen when you’re outside? Do you eat at least 2 servings (each) of fruits and vegetables each day?

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Lifestyle Diseases Contents Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Section 3 Cancer Section 4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Bell ringer 1.Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a crease. 2.At the top of one side, write the word “Healthy.” 3.At the top of the other side, write the word “Risky.” 4.List under each title the things people do that are either healthy or risky to their health. Chapter 14 Risky Healthy

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. What Are Lifestyle Diseases? 1.Caused by: unhealthy behaviors (controllable risk factors) other factors (uncontrollable risk factors) 2. Examples: cardiovascular disease many forms of cancer diabetes Chapter 14 Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 14 Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases Uncontrollable age gender ethnicity Heredity (family hx) Controllable diet and body weight daily levels of physical activity level of sun exposure smoking and alcohol abuse

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Controllable Risk Factors

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The bottom line… When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to reduce your chances of these diseases later in life. Chapter 14 Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases What Are Cardiovascular Diseases? Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): 1.the leading cause of death in the United States 2.result from progressive damage (over time) to the heart and blood vessels Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases The four main types of CVD are: Chapter 14 1.high blood pressure (the “silent” killer) 2.Atherosclerosis (hardening / blockage of arteries) 3.stroke 4.heart attack

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases BLOOD PRESSURE Definition: the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel HIGH BP weakens and injures blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases ATHEROSCLEROSIS fatty materials (cholesterol & plaque) build up on artery walls Reduces and blocks blood flow Breaks apart & releases clots that cause strokes or heart attacks Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. CHOLESTEROL (2 sources)

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases 3.Stroke blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted (blockage OR ruptured blood vessel) Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases STROKE (signs & symptoms) Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. RECOGNIZING A STROKE-NEW INFORMATION!!! Some doctors say that if a neurologist can begin treating a stroke victim within 3 hours they can totally reverse the effects of a stroke. The trick is getting the patient medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough……. Remember the 1st Three Letters: S-T-R Some doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions: S Ask the individual to SMILE T Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE coherently (ex: “It is sunny out today.”) R Ask them to RAISE BOTH ARMS New Sign of a Stroke: ask the person to STICK OUT THEIR TOUNGUE. If the tongue is 'crooked‘ or goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a stroke. If they have trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911 immediately and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. HEART ATTACK damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Coronary artery blockage

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Coronary artery stenosis w/ blood clot

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Detecting and Testing for CVD 1.check your blood pressurecheck your blood pressure 2.electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)electrocardiogram 3.ultrasoundultrasound 4.angiogramangiogram Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Detecting and Testing for CVD 1.Check your BP: monitors cardiovascular health and helps detect CVDs. Blood pressures are given in the form “Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.” Systolic pressure is the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts. Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure between heart contractions. Normal BP is about 120/80 Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Detecting and Testing for CVD Chapter 14 2.electrocardiogram (EKG) measures the electrical activity of the heart 3.ultrasound images of the pumping heart and heart valves 4.angiogram injecting dye into the coronary arteries to look for blockages

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Angiogram of the heart

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Cerebral angiogram with blockage Where’s the blockage?

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Cardiac angiogram with blockage Where’s the blockage?

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Preventing & Treating CVD Chapter 14 reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt maintaining healthy weight avoid tobacco do cardiovascular exercise regularly monitor BP & cholesterol levels reducing stress Medications (low-dose aspirin, Rx, etc) surgery (bypass, angioplasty, pacemaker, transplant)bypassangioplasty

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 3 Cancer Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 3 Cancer What Is Cancer? 2 nd leading cause of death in the U.S., after CVDs. Definition: uncontrolled cell growth (starts with genetic damage. When the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide more rapidly than normal, forming tumors.) click here for videoclick here for video Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 3 Cancer Tumors & the spread of cancer… 1.Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that invades and destroys normal tissue. 2.Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass. 3.Metastasis: a process in which cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.Metastasis Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Metastasis

Section 3 Cancer What Causes Cancer? 1.Inheriting damaged or mutated genes can increase your chance of getting cancer. 2.Environmental effects—coming in contact with carcinogens (cancer causing agents) throughout your life Ex: poor diet, smoking, sun overexposure, chemicals, etc Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Section 3 Cancer Detecting Cancer Chapter 14 self-exams (skin, breast & testicle)skinbreast testicle x rays (ex: mammogram)mammogram biopsies (tissue samples)biopsies MRI blood and DNA tests

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Section 3 Cancer Preventing Cancer Chapter 14 1.Don’t smoke 2.Limit overexposure to UV radiation 3.Eat less saturated fats 4.Eat more fruits, vegetables & fiber 5.Exercise & maintain a healthy weight 6.Get regular medical checkups

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 3 Cancer Treating Cancer Chapter 14 1.surgery – removes tumor 2.chemotherapy – using drugs to kill cancer cells 3.radiation therapy – using radiation to kill cancer cells 4.strengthen the immune system

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Bell ringer Name some foods that you eat that are high in sugar? Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes What Is Diabetes? Glucose: provides your cells with energy, circulating through the body in the bloodstream. Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to remove (use) glucose from the blood. Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are unable to use (remove) glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels & high levels of harmful toxins.Diabetes Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Types of Diabetes? Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset): the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes (adult onset): insulin is produced, but the body’s cells fail to respond to the insulin. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Why is Diabetes harmful??? 1.The body uses fat and protein instead of glucose for energy, causing a build-up of toxic substances in the blood that damages blood vessels & other tissues (and can lead to organ failure). 2.A diabetic coma is a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much blood sugar and too many toxic substances in the blood. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Detecting Diabetes Early detection is important to avoid these severe complications: blindness stroke kidney disease loss of lower limbs If you have symptoms of diabetes, see a doctor as soon as possible. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Testing for Diabetes Urinalysis Glucose-tolerance tests Insulin tests Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Treating Diabetes Type 1: keeping blood-glucose levels as close to normal as possible. check blood-glucose levels several times a day and must learn to give themselves insulin injections. Type 2: sometimes involves injecting insulin, but usually focuses on frequent exercise and a healthy diet with moderate amounts of sugar. Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 4 Living with Diabetes Preventing Diabetes Type 1 (juvenile onset): currently no way to prevent Type 2 (adult onset): 1. exercise regularly 2. maintain a healthy weight 3. eat a healthy diet 4. avoid tobacco products 5. reduce stress levels Chapter 14

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Chapter 14