11 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels and Circulation Regulation of the Heart Heart Diseases & Disorders The Cardiovascular System

Lesson 11.1 Heart Anatomy and the Function of the Cardiovascular System Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. thoracic cavity above diaphragm; between lungs size of a clenched fist weighs 8 – 12 ounces The Heart: Location and Size

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. The Heart: Location and Size

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle The Four Chambers of the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. atrioventricular (AV) valves –tricuspid –bicuspid (mitral) semilunar valves –pulmonary –aortic The Heart Valves

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. (1) deoxygenated blood flows from the body to the inferior and superior vena cavae to right atrium (2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood through the tricuspid valve to right ventricle (3) right ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the pulmonary valve, to the pulmonary artery (4) blood exits to the lungs Blood Flow through the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. (5) oxygenated blood from lungs travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium (6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood through the mitral valve to the left ventricle (7) left ventricle contracts, forcing blood through the aortic valve (8) blood passes to the aorta (9) blood travels out to parts of the body Blood Flow through the Heart (continued)

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Blood Flow through the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. epicardium –outermost layer myocardium –middle layer endocardium –inner layer Walls of the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. diastole –ventricle relax, atria contract systole –ventricles contract, atria relax mean arterial pressure –overall pressure within cardiovascular system Cardiac Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. amount of blood pumped by heart in 1 minute measured in liters/minute stroke volume –amount of blood pumped in 1 beat heart rate –number of beats per minute Cardiac Output

Lesson 11.2 Regulation of the Heart Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Sinoatrial (SA) node –Pacemaker; sends electrical impulse –tells heart to beat 60–100 bpm Internal Control of the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. cardiac center –sympathetic nerve system speeds up –parasympathetic nerve system slows down endocrine system –some hormones speed up External Control of the Heart

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. SA node AV node bundle of His bundle branches– right and left Purkinje fibers The Conduction System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ECG or EKG –electrical activity of the heart –depolarize – contract –repolarize – relax Electrocardiogram

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. normal contractility condition –sinus rhythm –arrhythmia ventricle or atria contraction is abnormal Cardiac Arrhythmias

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. bradycardia –slow heart beat tachycardia –fast heart beat premature atrial contraction (PACs) –atria contracts before SA node Cardiac Arrhythmias

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. automatic external defibrillator (AED) –electric shock, stops heart –allows heart to start normal rhythm –anyone can use one Defibrillators and Life-Threatening Arrhythmias

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or Defibrillator. 1. _______________ is fast heart beat. 2. _______________ is slow heart beat. 3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm. 4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset. Review and Assessment

Lesson 11.3 Blood Vessels and Circulation Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Vasoconstriction vs. vasodilation Blood Vessels: The Transport Network

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Differences between Arteries and Veins

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. exchange vessels –gas moves between tissue and blood capillary bed –network of exchange vessels Capillaries

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. cardiopulmonary circulation –between heart and lungs systemic circulation –between heart and body Circulation: Moving Blood around the Body

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Circulation: Moving Blood around Body

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. coronary arteries –left –right coronary sinus Cardiac Circulation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Arteries

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Veins

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. taking your pulse –find radial, carotid or brachial artery –count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4 measuring blood pressure –stethoscope, sphygmomanometer –systolic/diastolic pressure Taking Vital Signs Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. weight –body mass index – weight to height blood pressure –systolic/diastolic – 110/70 mmHg cholesterol –LDLs and HDLs Know Your Numbers

Lesson 11.4 Heart Disease & Disorders Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. heart murmurs –valves do not close properly valvular stenosis –narrowed, stiff heart valve mitral valve prolapse –mitral valve does not fully close palpitations Valve Abnormalities

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. pericarditis –inflammation of heart sac myocarditis –“ “ heart muscle endocarditis –““ heart lining and valves Diseases Ending in -itis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. heart cannot pump blood fluid backs up in –Lungs, liver, limbs, GI tract Heart Failure

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. aneurysms –weakened artery bulges, may break coronary artery disease –atherosclerosis –angina pectoris –ischemia Diseases of the Arteries

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. myocardial infarction –plaque blocks a cardiac artery treatment –aspirin as soon as symptoms appear –20 – 60 minute window for treatment Heart Attack

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Heart Attack

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. hypertension –blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg peripheral vascular disease –lack of circulation in legs stroke –blockage of brain blood flow ischemic stroke hemorrhagic stroke transient ischemic attack (TIA) Heart Disease

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. True or False? 1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg. 2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack. 3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery. 4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall. 5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly. Review and Assessment