The end of WWI and the Treaty of Versailles

Costs of the War

How many lives were lost during the War? 8.5 Million soldiers lost their lives in WWI 21 Million were wounded

Mobilization

Losses by Country Averages per day:2,533 killed9,121 wounded 1 out of every 10 French citizens were killed or injured

Estimated Civilian Deaths 2.5 to 4.5 Million

Money Total Costs of WWI= about $338 Billion Germany lost the most $210 Million US gained the most $475 Million The general rule of thumb- If you were deeply involved you lost money, if not you gained $$$

Colonial Forces Fought for the French and the British with the hope that they would be granted independence. Africans and Asians felt that if they were “good enough” to fight and die in the Empire’s cause, they were good enough to have a share in the government of their countries.

What killed more people than the war, but occurred at the same time?

Influenza Pandemic of 1918 Killer of 20 Million World Wide!!!

How did the War come to an end? The War ended in 1918 The War ended in 1918 November 11 th (at 11am) the Armistice was signed November 11 th (at 11am) the Armistice was signed In the summer of 1919 leaders from the Allied Powers met to “fix Europe” In the summer of 1919 leaders from the Allied Powers met to “fix Europe” Woodrow Wilson of the US seemed to believe this would be an easy task! Woodrow Wilson of the US seemed to believe this would be an easy task!

The Treaty of Versailles What was the GOAL of the Treaty? What was the GOAL of the Treaty? Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Established… Established… Nine new nations Nine new nations Shifted the boundaries of others Shifted the boundaries of others Demilitarized Germany Demilitarized Germany Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles

Double check that your journal has all of the correct pages:

Cover: WWI theme and your name Page 1: Propaganda (in class on block day) Page 2: Journal: “When is it justified to go to war?” Page 3: Describe the TENSIONS leading to war Page 4: MAIN causes with picture definitions Page 5: MAIN chart Page 6: Map of Balkans Page 7: Map of early alliances Page 8: “The Spark” Page 9: Schlieffen Plan Page 10: Map of Alliances and Fronts Page 11: Trench Warfare Page 12-13: WWI Battles (1 st Marne, Verdun, Somme, 2 nd Marne) Page 14-15: Weapons/ Technology Page 16: Global Conflict Chart Page 17: Goals of 4 areas outside of the fronts Page 18: Armenian Genocide Page 19: US Page 20: Russian withdrawal and treaty Page 21: Poem Pages 22-23: next week Timeline

The Treaty of Versailles What was the GOAL of the Treaty? What was the GOAL of the Treaty? Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Established… Established… Nine new nations Nine new nations Shifted the boundaries of others Shifted the boundaries of others Demilitarized Germany Demilitarized Germany Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles

In your journal… On page 22 list the “Big 4” On page 23 fill out the chart as we discuss the Treaty of Versailles

The “Big Four” David Lloyd George – Great Britain Vittorio Orlando – Italy Georges Clemenceau – France Woodrow Wilson – United States Got together to set up the Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles What was the GOAL of the Treaty? What was the GOAL of the Treaty? Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Wanted to punish the Central Powers (Germany specifically) Established… Established… Nine new nations Nine new nations Shifted the boundaries of others Shifted the boundaries of others Demilitarized Germany Demilitarized Germany Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles Meet in Paris at Versailles

Who is to blame for the war? GERMANY

What is the cost of the War? Germany has to pay $33 Billion This would be about 2.7 trillion in today’s dollars!

What happens to Germany’s Military? Germany can only have a standing army of 100,000 men Stripped Germany of its air force and most of its navy

Germany’s Military Reduced to 100,000 men. German Navy reduced to 36 ships. No tanks, submarines or aircraft. All wartime weapons to be melted down.

What happens to the Colonies? They are in Africa and Middle East They are in Africa and Middle East France & Great Britain split the colonies & territories captured from Germany & Turkey France & Great Britain split the colonies & territories captured from Germany & Turkey

Rhineland The Allies take control and do not let the German Military have a presence in the area.

Alsace- Lorraine Returned to France Returned to France

Saar Given to France for 15 years. France needs coal mines to rebuild After 15 years the people of this region can vote on whether they want to be apart of France or Germany.

What happens to Poland? Becomes an independent nation Cut off east of Prussia from the rest of Germany

Danzig Made a free city under the Protection of the League of Nations Made a free city under the Protection of the League of Nations

Finland, Lithuania, Latvia & Estonia Become independent nations

Czechoslovakia Made into an independent nation Made into an independent nation

Italy’s Territorial Gains Only land in the Alps and the port of Trieste where mostly Italians live.

What happens to Serbia and the Slavs of the Balkans? United with other Slavic people to form Yugoslavia.

What happened to Kaiser Wilhelm II? Left alone in exile in Holland

League of Nations It is created and agreed upon It is created and agreed upon

What was the League of Nations?

Group to mediate (talk though) problems between nations Thought up by Woodrow Wilson But the US never joins because of political differences between the President and the US Congress. Brought to life by the Treaty of Versailles

Watch Brain Pop orldhistory/leagueofnations/zoom.weml orldhistory/leagueofnations/zoom.weml

Double check that your journal has all of the correct pages:

Cover: WWI theme and your name Page 1: Propaganda (in class on block day) Page 2: Journal: “When is it justified to go to war?” Page 3: Describe the TENSIONS leading to war Page 4: MAIN causes with picture definitions Page 5: MAIN chart Page 6: Map of Balkans Page 7: Map of early alliances Page 8: “The Spark” Page 9: Schlieffen Plan Page 10: Map of Alliances and Fronts Page 11: Trench Warfare Page 12-13: WWI Battles (1 st Marne, Verdun, Somme, 2 nd Marne) Page 14-15: Weapons/ Technology Page 16: Global Conflict Chart Page 17: Goals of 4 areas outside of the fronts Page 18: Armenian Genocide Page 19: US Page 20: Russian withdrawal and treaty Page 21: Poem Page 22: Big 4 Page 23: Treaty of Versailles chart Extra pages: pics/extra notes/etc. Timeline

Make sure your timeline is up to date!

June 28th, 1914 FF killed July 23rd 1914 Austria issues ultimatum July 25th 1914 Serbia denies July 28th 1914 AH declares war on Serbia August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia August 3 Germany declares war on France September 3 1 st Battle of Marne May 7, 1915 Lusitania sunk

Unrestricted sub warfare March 1917 Czar Nicholas abdicates the Russian throne April 2, 1917 US declares war on Germany March 1918 Russia signs treaty with Germany July-August nd Battle of the Marne November 11 (11am), 1918 Armistice is signed (fighting stops) June 28, 1919 Treaty of Versailles