HUMAN SERVICES Poverty, Hunger, Social Services and Seniors APRIL 20, 2015

SUPPORT FOR THE STUDY The 2014 St. Louis Jewish Community Study is funded in part by a generous gift from Terry and Harvey Hieken. Additional support has been provided by The Lubin-Green Foundation The Morton J. and Morton D. May Fund of the Greater St. Louis Community Foundation Two anonymous donors Community Donors

The “screening” phase identified 1,205 Jewish households. In these households, either the respondent or another adult identified their religion as Judaism or, if not, they considered themselves to be Jewish or partly Jewish. 1,003 Jewish household respondents completed the entire survey – 83% of all eligible Jewish households. In order to maximize participation of intermarried households in the survey, 105 of these 1,003 interviews were completed with non-Jewish respondents. ABOUT THE STUDY

DEFINITIONS: WHO IS COUNTED AS JEWISH IN THIS STUDY? Jewish Persons Respondents (age 18+) who view Judaism as their religion or who say that “aside from religion” they consider themselves to be Jewish or partly Jewish Spouses whom respondent define as Jewish or partly Jewish either by religion or by self-definition All other adults in the household whom the respondent views as Jewish or partly Jewish Children being raised as Jewish or as partly Jewish Non-Jewish Persons Respondents, spouses and other adults who are NOT Jewish – either by religion or by self-definition Children NOT being raised Jewishly – they are being raised in another religion, or without a religion and not Jewish, or the respondent says their status is “undecided”

DEFINITIONS: JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS Jewish Households* Households that include at least one Jewish adult People Living in Jewish Households Include Jewish persons, and Non-Jewish persons *“Jewish Household” refers to households with at least one Jewish adult, but the term has no implications for the identity of all household members or the nature of their engagement in Jewish life.

WHAT IS THE SIZE OF THE ST. LOUIS JEWISH COMMUNITY?

ANNUAL INCOME: 9% OF HOUSEHOLDS UNDER $25,000 The percentages in the chart above reflect income patterns excluding 10% of respondents who totally refused to answer and the 2% who said that they did not know the household’s income. The chart includes those who said that their household income was at least $25,000 annually, but would not provide additional details. ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME: 2014 ST. LOUIS JEWISH COMMUNITY STUDY

FEWER LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN JEWISH ST. LOUIS THAN IN SEVERAL OTHER JEWISH COMMUNITIES NJPS, 2001: National Jewish Population Survey PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME UNDER $25,000

In general, respondents are more likely to answer the subjective financial status question than questions on income; only 5% of the 1,003 survey respondents refused to answer the financial status question while about 12% did not provide any income information. Missing responses are excluded in this chart. 24% OF HOUSEHOLDS REPORT THEY ARE “JUST MANAGING” FINANCIALLY OR “CANNOT MAKE ENDS MEET” SUBJECTIVE SELF-ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL SITUATION, ST. LOUIS, 2014

SIMILAR PERCENTAGES IN ST. LOUIS AND CINCINNATI REPORT JUST MANAGING OR NOT MAKING ENDS MEET PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS REPORTING THAT THEY “CANNOT MAKE ENDS MEET” OR ARE “JUST MANAGING”

8% OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS IN ST. LOUIS ARE POOR – BUT 18% ARE “NEAR POOR” We define 2,500 Jewish households in St. Louis as “poor” since their household income relative to household size falls below 150% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines (FPG), and the respondent does not say the household has extra money or is well off. We define another 5,900 Jewish households as near poor. Their incomes relative to their household sizes fall between 150% and 250% of FPG. PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ESTIMATED TO BE “POOR” OR “NEAR POOR”

POOR AND NEAR-POOR HOUSEHOLD INCOME THRESHOLDS FOR DEFINING THE POOR AND NEAR POOR ANNUAL FEDERAL INCOME LIMITS FOR DEFINITION OF POOR AND NEAR-POOR (ROUNDED)

IN ST. LOUIS AND CHICAGO, SIMILAR LEVELS OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS ARE POOR PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS DEFINED AS POOR, TYPICALLY UNDER 150% OF FEDERAL GUIDELINES

CHESTERFIELD HAS THE FEWEST POOR JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS OF ANY MAJOR JEWISH AREA OF RESIDENCE PERCENT OF POOR JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS IN EACH GEOGRAPHIC AREA

RESPONDENT AGE IS NOT STRONGLY LINKED TO BEING POOR OR NEAR POOR IN JEWISH ST. LOUIS

RESPONDENT GENDER, EDUCATION, AND HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE LINKED TO BEING POOR 12% of female respondents are poor, compared to 4% of male respondents. 17% of single parent households and 10% of seniors living alone are poor, compared to 4% of two parent households and 4% households with seniors living with others. 17% of respondents with less than high school education poor, compared to 5% of those with bachelor’s degree and 4% of those with master’s or doctorate degrees.

FOOD INSECURITY AFFECTS BOTH THE POOR & NEAR-POOR Respondents were asked “In the last 12 months, did you or other adults in the household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?”. PERCENT OF JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH REPORT SKIPPING MEALS OR CUTTING MEAL SIZE BECAUSE OF LACK OF MONEY FOR FOOD

36% OF ALL JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS SOUGHT ASSISTANCE FOR AT LEAST ONE OF HUMAN SERVICES NEEDS PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH SOUGHT ASSISTANCE FOR:

Respondents were asked, “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in dealing with housing or financial assistance?” JEWISH POOR AND NEAR POOR SEEK HELP FOR HOUSING AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE PERCENT OF HOUSEHOLDS SEEKING HELP FOR HOUSING OR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

67% OF THOSE SEEKING HELP WITH HOUSING OR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOUND GETTING HELP VERY DIFFICULT “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help with housing or financial assistance? PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:

SEEKING HELP FOR SENIORS IN THE HOUSEHOLD “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek services for an adult who is 65 or over in your household?” 10% of all households with seniors sought services for a senior in the household (21% of seniors living alone). 2% found getting assistance for these issues very difficult (none of the seniors living alone), compared to 68% who found it very easy to get help (86% of seniors living alone). PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WITH SENIORS WHICH:

SEEKING HELP IN FINDING A JOB OR CHOOSING AN OCCUPATION “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in finding a job or choosing an occupation?” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:

SEEKING HELP FOR CHILDREN WITH A DISABILITY “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help for a child who has a physical, developmental or learning disability, or other special needs?” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN WHICH:

SEEKING HELP FOR ADULTS WITH A DISABILITY “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek services for an adult of any age with a disability, including Alzheimer’s?” PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:

SEEKING HELP FOR SERIOUS OR CHRONIC ILLNESS “In the past 12 months, did you (or anyone else in your household) seek help in coping with a serious or chronic illness? PERCENT OF ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHICH:

INCLUDING NON-JEWISH PERSONS IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS, THE JEWISH COMMUNITY HAS A BALANCED AGE DISTRIBUTION DECILE ANALYSIS: AGE OF ALL PEOPLE LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS

THE JEWISH PERSONS-ONLY AGE STRUCTURE REFLECTS THE SLIGHTLY OLDER STATUS OF JEWS VS. NON-JEWS IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS DECILE ANALYSIS: AGE OF JEWISH PERSONS ONLY LIVING IN ST. LOUIS JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS

ST. LOUIS HAS A SIMILAR PERCENTAGE OF SENIORS AS IN SEVERAL OTHER JEWISH COMMUNITIES PERCENT OF ALL PEOPLE IN JEWISH HOUSEHOLDS WHO ARE SENIORS 65 AND OVER *National Jewish Population Survey

ST. LOUIS CITY AND UNIVERSITY CITY/CLAYTON: MOSTLY YOUNGER ADULTS; CREVE COEUR: THE LARGEST NUMBER OF SENIORS In all tables, percentages may not add to 100% precisely due to rounding.

JEWISH SENIORS BY AGE AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA

MANY SENIORS ARE ACTIVE AND INVOLVED

MORE JEWISH SENIORS AGE 75+ REPORT POOR OR FAIR HEALTH COMPARED TO EXCELLENT HEALTH

CAREGIVER BURDEN 29% of respondents manage the care or personally provide care on a regular basis for an aging family member or friend. o 32% of respondents ages o 39% of respondents ages 50-64

3,000 JEWISH SENIORS LIVE ALONE IN ST. LOUIS The 3,000 Jewish seniors who live alone are potentially at high risk of social isolation. Of the 3,000 Jewish seniors living alone, 64% have an adult child in the St. Louis area, who could assist them if needed. But, about 1,000 Jewish seniors living alone have no adult child living in the St. Louis area, or do not have any adult children at all. The health status of Jewish seniors living alone is problematic. 12% of Jewish seniors living alone report “poor” health, and another 28% report “fair” health; In sharp contrast, only 2% of Jewish senior respondents living with other people in the household are in poor health, while 21% are in fair health.

LEARN MORE! JFedSTL.org/CountMeIn