WordDefinitionFormulaShorthand Formula UnitsPicture/Sym bol ForcePush or Pull Newton’s 2 nd Law of Motion Force = Mass X Acceleration F = m x aNewtons (N) Momentu m Amount of motion an object has Momentum = Mass X Velocity M = m x vg · m/s SpeedDistance traveled over time Speed = Distance/Time s = d/tm/s VelocitySpeed in a given direction Velocity = Distance/Time + Direction (N, S, E, W) v = d/t + direction m/s + N, S, E, or W Accelerat ion When an object speeds up (+), slows down (-), or changes direction. Acceleration = Velocity Final – Velocity Initial / Time A = Vf-Vi/Tm/s/s or m/s 2

Force Push or Pull Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion Force = Mass X Acceleration F = m x a Newtons (N)

Momentum Amount of motion an object has Momentum = Mass X Velocity M = m x v g · m/s

Speed Distance traveled over time Speed = Distance/Time s = d/t m/s

Velocity Speed in a given direction Velocity = Distance/Time + Direction (North, South, East, or West) v = d/t + direction m/s + N, S, E, or W

Acceleration When an object speeds up (+), slows down (-), or changes direction. Acceleration = (Velocity Final – Velocity Initial) / Time or (Final Speed – Initial Speed) / Time or ▲V/T or ▲S/T A = (Vf-Vi)/T m/s/s or m/s 2

Forces

Newton’s Laws of Motion

Newton’s 1 st Law of Motion AKA: Law of INERTIA & The SEAT BELT Law

An object at REST will remain at REST & an object in MOTION will remain in MOTION… UNLESS acted upon by an outside FORCE!

Ex) Wearing your seat belt prevents you from going through the windshield at 60mph because it is the outside force that stops you!

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Newton’s 2 nd Law of Motion AKA: The Law of ACCELERATION

The acceleration of an object depends on the MASS of the object and the FORCE applied. F = M x A

INCREASE FORCE = INCREASE ACCELERATION __ F = __ A Directly Proportional! Going in the SAME direction! DECREASE FORCE = DECREASE ACCELERATION __ F = __ A

INCREASE MASS = DECREASE ACCELERATION __ M = __ A Inversely Proportional! Opposites of Each Other! DECREASE MASS = INCREASE ACCELERATION __ M = __ A

Ex) Rolling chair for Force & Acceleration Ex) Elephant and the mouse for Mass & Acceleration

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Newton’s 3 rd Law of Motion AKA: The Action/Reaction Law

For every ACTION there is an = but opposite REACTION

Action = Reaction = and opposite forces Forces occur in pairs

Ex) Book pushes down on desk and desk pushes up on book with an equal but opposite force!

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Let’s Practice

Which Law is Which? 1. For every ACTION there is an = but opposite REACTION Newton’s 3rd Law 2. Law of INERTIA Newton’s 1st Law 3. Wearing your seat belt prevents you from going through the windshield at 60mph b/c it is the outside force that stops you! Newton’s 1st Law

4. F = M x A Newton’s 2 nd Law 5. Action = Reaction Newton’s 3 rd Law 6. INCREASE FORCE = INCREASE ACCELERATION Newton’s 2 nd Law 7. An object at REST will remain at REST & an object in MOTION will remain in MOTION… UNLESS acted upon by an outside FORCE! Newton’s 1 st Law

8. Ex) Book pushes down on desk and desk pushes up on book with an equal but opposite force! Newton’s 3 rd Law 9. The DOMINO Law Newton’s 3 rd Law 10. Ex) Rolling chair for Force & Acceleration Newton’s 2 nd Law 11. Newton’s 1 st Law

12. The Law of ACCELERATION Newton’s 2 nd Law 13. The acceleration of an object depends on the MASS of the object and the FORCE applied. Newton’s 2 nd Law 14. = and opposite forces Newton’s 3 rd Law 15. DECREASE MASS = INCREASE ACCELERATION Newton’s 2 nd Law 16. The SEAT BELT LAW Newton’s 1 st Law

17) Newton’s 2 nd Law 18) Forces Act in Pairs Newton’s 3 rd Law 19) vs. Newton’s 2 nd Law 20) Newton’s 3 rd Law

Who is the founder of the Laws of Motion? Sir Isaac Newton!