 What was the Treaty of Versailles?  Do you think the treaty was fair?  If not, how come?  Who was it unfair to?

 As a group, write down a few reasons as to why you think World War II began in Europe?  Think about: ▪ Prior knowledge (World History class, etc) ▪ Treaty of Versailles ▪ Great Depression

 Nationalism- loyalty to one’s country above all else  Totalitarianism - individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition  Communism- an economic and political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property  Socialism- economic system characterized by social ownership  Fascism- form of nationalism that placed the interests of the state above the interests of the individual

 Treaty of Versailles  Fascism-  Conflict between- Communism and Fascism  Spanish Civil War  Appeasement  Japanese Imperialism

 Treaty of Versailles- (Ended WWI, between Germany and the Allies – France Britain, USA, Italy  is a bad treaty and causes resentment by Germans  Germans lose land  Can not have an Air force or large Army  Must pay huge debts  Must take the blame for the war

 Later Hitler will use this as an excuse to reassert Germany military power.  He will try to reverse the Treaty of Versailles.  He will build the army, air force and try to get the land Germany lost in WWI.

 First successful communist revolution occurs in Russia during World War I  Subsequently, Communists become active throughout the world trying to replicate the revolution, especially in Europe-  Socialists gain popularity in all countries of Europe- which causes Right Wing* groups to rise in opposition. (Italy and Germany, and later Spain)  **Right Wing- means capitalist, believe in Private Property and profit

 A political/cultural movement and form of government characterized by:  Use of Violence  Anti Communist  Capitalism and government cooperation  Unity of people through culture  Efficiency  Expansionist-want more land

 Isolationism- doctrine or policy of isolating one’s country from the affairs of other nations.  1930’s- books argued that the U.S. was dragged into WWI by greedy bankers and arms dealers  North Dakota Senator Gerald Nye- Nye Committee documented these charges  Neutrality Acts - passed by Congress in 1935, outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war (first two acts)  Third Act- passed in response to fighting in Spain ▪ Extended the ban to nations engaged in Civil War

 Japanese Invasion/Attack on China  Japan hadn’t formally declared war, U.S. sent supplies to China  “Quarantine Speech”- October 5, 1937 (page 535) ▪ Roosevelt decides that neutrality is no longer possible ▪ U.S. needs to stand against aggressors ▪ Isolationist Newspapers protested against Roosevelt who then backed down

 March 12, Germany invades Austria unopposed  One day later, Germany announces a union with Austria  Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland)  3 million German-speaking people and important natural resources  Germany accused Czechs of abusing Sudeten Germans  Munich Agreement- French Premier and British Prime Minister meet with Hitler ▪ “Last territorial demand” ▪ Appeasement - Churchill called out Neville Chamberlain  Lebensraum- “Living Room”

 G.B. and U.S. head into war  Pressured by Stalin, FDR and Churchill oppose to the idea and begin Operation Torch (Nov May 1943) ▪ Invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa ▪ Dwight D. Eisenhower

 While are Allies battling in Italy in 1943, they begin plans for a massive invasion into France  Operation Overlord- commanded by Eisenhower