Watershed Modeling Nuts and Bolts: Arc Hydro Dean Djokic ESRI, Inc. Part I – What is Arc Hydro? Arc Hydro data model fundamentals Arc Hydro tools walkthrough (ex 1) Terrain Preprocessing (Dendritic) Delineation/Characterization Tracing Part II – Advanced Arc Hydro Global Delineation (ex 2) Parameters/Export Configuration (ex 3) Time Series (ex 4) Deranged/Combined Terrain Processing (ex 5) Introduction to Arc Hydro Geoprocessing Tools (ex 6)   Part III – GeoHMS – in supporting HEC-HMS hydrologic simulation model Part IV – GeoRAS – in supporting HEC-RAS hydraulics simulation model Part V – Other implementations of ArcHydro data model/tools.

Presentation Topics Arc Hydro Data Model Arc Hydro Tools SWFWMD customization of Arc Hydro Relationship between pollutant sources and impact areas GeoEFM – environmental elements and water depth/velocity/bed slope.

Arc Hydro Data Model Arc Hydro

Arc Hydro Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model) Surface and groundwater Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functions Starting point for water resources database and application development 3 things, Datamodel, Concepts (inheritent) , and Toolsets Arc Hydro

Data Model Purpose Target audience: Water resources community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementation Starting point for project model design Not a “do all” design Not implementation/application specific, but provides the key components to develop on top of Not a numerical but a DATA model Allows support for many models Arc Hydro

Describing the Hydrologic Cycle

Arc Hydro Framework Data Model Groundwater features Surface water features Time Series Arc Hydro

Arc Hydro Data Model Details Detailed representation at the end of corresponding chapters in the book (e.g. p 51)

Time Series Components

Basic Concepts Define core feature classes for water resources analyses Inventory of relevant spatial elements Establish relationships between core feature classes So we know what is connected to what Use geometric network for tying pieces together So we can trace upstream/downstream Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Custom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for advanced “water resources” functionality Arc Hydro

Application and use of Arc Hydro for a Water Geofabric Build and compile key GIS Databases Build and serve key Digital Basemaps Build and serve Operational Layers Build and serve Tasks Build and serve key GIS Applications GIS Application Operational layers Tasks that operate against . . . . . . a fully operational GIS database (a Geofabric) Digital Basemap (2D or 3D)

Scalability 1:17,000,000 1:5,000,000 1:2,500,000 1:500,000 1:175,000 1:40,000 1:24,000 1:5,000

Arc Hydro Tools Arc Hydro

Key Concepts Transitions between the raster and vector worlds – integrated operations “Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement” Raster Network Vector Logical Schema Extended Network

Start with the terrain model Terrain Processing Start with the terrain model Identify drainage patterns Identify catchments What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Start with the drainage pattern Network Generation Start with the drainage pattern Define hydro edges from drainage lines Generate junctions at confluences Build the geometric network What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Connecting Catchments to Junctions Start with the catchments Identify drainage points Link drainage points to junctions What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Extended (Hydrologic) Network Combination of hydro network and drainage areas connected through junctions. Allows tracing through network and selection on drainage areas What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Node-Link Schematization (1) Start with the catchments Find centroids Continue with drainge lines Find confluences Connect nodes What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Node-Link Schematization (2) Transition from geo representation to logical representation Support for various modeling efforts What’s New in ArcGIS 8.3

Arc Hydro Tools 70 + functions currently available Watershed Delineation Batch Terrain Preprocessing Schema Creation Parameters Accumulation Parameters Computation (e.g. mean elevation, 10-85 slope, etc.) Time Series

Arc Hydro Tools Functions developed during projects are integrated into the Arc Hydro tools (needs driven development) Batch Terrain Preprocessing Parameters Computation Terrain Morphology and others… Possible run through of the application (demo)

Process Automation in Model Builder Arc Hydro Model For Hydro Landscape Characterization

Many Aspects of Arc Hydro Database design Marketing Tools Application “Standard” Development environment Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt www.naturalchild.org/jason

“Why Should I Care” about Arc Hydro ? Economy of development Why reinvent the wheel? Established configuration methodology Established development framework Industry “standard” Fundamental geodatabase design principles implemented for water resources theme Established techniques rolled into a publicly available utility Tested and accepted Training and support Free maintenance – ESRI’s commitment to the water resources community

SWFWMD Customization of Arc Hydro

Watershed Management Program Topographic Information Watershed Evaluation Watershed Management Plan Implementation of BMPs Maintenance of Watershed Parameters and Models

Arc Hydro Customization at SWFWMD Arc Hydro data model extension GWIS (Geographic Watershed Information System) Modeling support (ICPR) Deranged terrain processing Management of pitted terrains Structures Hydraulic element points Hydraulic subelements Tools Arc Hydro geodatabase import Geoprocessing Arc Hydro

Natural Drainage Patterns - Pitted Terrain Analysis Prescreen & Evaluate Sinks - Select Based on User Thresholds Delineate Catchments Draining into Selected Sinks (where “IsSink” = 1) Arc Hydro

Surface Connectivity Drainage Points within Catchments HydroJunctions HydroEdges (Low Point of Basin or Low Point of Boundary) (Boundary Link Flowlines) Arc Hydro

Hydraulic Features Modify Natural Drainage Patterns Arc Hydro

Hydraulic Element Points Same HydroCode assigned to Hydrojunction & Subelements (i.e. 302125_003) HydroJunction Subelement 2 Subelement 1 TR = Top of Road UIC = Upstream Invert of Culvert, GR = Natural Ground ERM = Elevation Reference Mark Arc Hydro

Hierarchy of Hydraulic Features HydroJunction / HydroEdge General Location & Type Sub Elements Hydraulic Structure Information Tables Hydraulic Element Points Specific Location (X, Y) & Elevation (Z) Arc Hydro

Field Acquisition of Hydraulic Features Utilize field technology ArcPad ArcGIS Mobile Direct synchronization with enterprise database Eliminate duplication of data entry Enforce geodatabase integrity between enterprise and mobile environments High accuracy possible with DGPS Variety of devices

Connect HydroJunction tool Hydraulic Element Points identify a culvert location User manually places HydroJunction (and snaps it to Drainage Boundary) Tool connects HydroJunction (and creates Structure Link) Arc Hydro

Watershed Evaluation Results A fully connected geodatabase integrating: Raster and vector data Derived and surveyed data Natural and man-made flowpath features Characterized elements (basins, links, structures) in well defined database structure ready to be used in the next step of the process Basically: “Watershed parameters in District’s generic Arc Hydro GIS format (GWIS)” Geofabric for SWFWMD

Courtesy of South West Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) Arc Hydro as production database Integrates data formats and model databases Use ArcHydro/Data Model in general for facilitate data integration/exchange/format converting Use ArcHydro/Data Model as enterprise database. ICPR - Interconnected Pond Routing Stormwater Modeling H&H Modeling Flood Plain Modeling (http://www.streamnologies.com/) SWAT - SWAT: Soil & Water Assessment Tool http://www.brc.tamus.edu/swat/ WAM – Water Availability Models. Arc Hydro Database for Enterprise Water Information System: The Difference between Enterprise and Model Databases Explained Sreeresh Sreedhar, ESRI, Redlands, California Courtesy of South West Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD)

Questions?