INDIA S. IRUDAYA RAJAN. HIGHLIGHTS EMIGRATION FROM AND REMITTANCES TO INDIA MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES: KERALA EXPERIENCE MACRO IMPACT.

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Presentation transcript:

INDIA S. IRUDAYA RAJAN

HIGHLIGHTS EMIGRATION FROM AND REMITTANCES TO INDIA MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES: KERALA EXPERIENCE MACRO IMPACT

Emigration Estimates High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora in 2001: 20 million (people of Indian origin and Non-Resident Indians): 16 million Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) in its first annual report, states that Indian Diaspora is about 25 million. MOIA in its latest annual report, : 25 million in 183 countries.

Estimates of Non-Resident Indians High Level Committee, 2001 Gulf: 3.3 million Europe: 0.2 million Asia and Pacific: 0.2 million Africa: 0.08 million Central and South America: 7307 USA: 1.7 million; UK: 1.2 million; Canada: 0.9 million; South Africa 1.0 million (PIO+NRI)

Estimated Indian Migrant Stock, 2010 Destination CountriesNumber Australia Qatar Sri Lanka Kuwait Oman Canada United Kingdom Nepal Bangladesh Saudi Arabia United States of America United Arab Emirates All Other Countries Total

MOIA-RUIM-CDS Estimates Based on our research in Kerala since 1998 Our estimate: 12 million workers 6 million in the Gulf UAE No 1, followed by Saudi Arabia What do other data sources tell us about Gulf Migration? As per the latest MOIA annual report, 97% of the ECR passport holders left for Gulf.

Trends in Workers Emigrated from India,

Workers Granted Emigration Clearance by Major States,

Labour outflows from India by destination

Trends in Remittances :

Remittance flows to India as Percentage of GDP

Kerala Migration Surveys Kerala Migration Survey 1998 Kerala Migration Survey, 2003 Kerala Migration Survey, 2007 Kerala Migration Survey, 2008 Kerala Migration Survey,

Emigrants, Return Emigrants and Non-Resident Keralites,

Number of Emigrants by Districts in Kerala, 2011

Population of Kerala and Emigration by Religion, 2011 ( in percent)

Number of Kerala Emigrants in the Gulf Countries,

Total Remittances for Kerala YearsRs (Crores)

Total Remittances by Districts, 2011

Macro-Economic Impact of Remittances, Indicators Remittances NSDP Modified NSDP Per Capita Income Modified Per Capita Income State Debt Remittances as percent of NSDP (%) Remittances as ratio of Revenue Receipt Remittances as ratio of Transfer from Centre Remittances as ratio of Government Expenditure Remittances as ratio of State Debt Remittances as ratio of Receipt from Cashew Export Remittances as ratio of Receipt from Marine Export

Percent of Households with Emigrant and possession of Very Good or Luxurious houses

Annual Savings and Investment Membership Annual Savings Annual Investments HHs with No Emigrants HHs With Emigrants Total

Monthly Food and Non Food expenses MembershipFOOD Non FoodExpenses HHs with No Emigrants HHs With Emigrants Total

Annual Health and Education Expenses Membership Annual Medical Expenses Annual Education Expenses HHs with No Emigrants HHs With Emigrants Total

Direct Benefits of Migration Savings and Investment Human Development (education and health) Unemployment and Poverty Standard of Living Reduce Inequality

Indirect effects of migration Reductions in Fertility Political participation (financing political parties and elections) Philanthropy Women empowerment Knowledge and skills diffusion Entrepreneurship and work culture