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I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power II. Toward a World Economy III. Colonial Expansion

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power Increasing contact from 12th century From Crusades, Reconquista Familiarity with imports Changes Mongol fall Ottomans intervene European efforts to expand A. New Technology: A Key to Power Deep-draught ships Better on ocean voyages Armaments better Compasses, mapmaking help navigation

Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

I. The West's First Outreach: Maritime Power B. Portugal and Spain Lead the Pack Prince Henry the Navigator Expeditions along African coast 1488, pass Cape of Good Hope 1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India 1514, Portuguese to Indonesia, China Columbus To Americas, 1492 Ferdinand Magellan 1519, begins circumnavigation of the world

What is the most significant result of the British defeat of the Spanish in 1588? Portugal and Spain lead the Rise of West Prince Henry the Navigator Expeditions along African coast 1498 - Vasco da Gama reaches India Columbus - to Americas - 1492 Ferdinand Magellan – 1519 - circumnavigation of world 1588, British defeat Spanish Armada 1534 - French cross the Atlantic - settle Canada 1497 - British to North America - 1600s - begin colonization Dutch - North American territory & Indonesia Chartered companies – raise armies; control trade Dutch/British East India Company Little government supervision Example: British control of India until 1947

Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies III. Colonial Expansion A. The Americas: Loosely Controlled Colonies Spain and Portugal: Explorations and Colonies

Draw the Columbian Exchange The Global Economy – Change The Columbian Exchange of Disease and Food Native Americans, Polynesians lack immunities Silver/gold/lumber/food exported Slaves imported New World plants: corn, sweet potato, potato Old World animals: horses, cattle The Global Economy – Continuity Asian shipping in Chinese, Japanese waters Muslim traders along east African coast Turks in eastern Mediterranean Europeans - remain on coast in Africa & Asia Draw the Columbian Exchange

Compare Mercantilism with the Hanseatic League & Swahili trade The role of financial systems – banking Spain and Portugal lack England, France, Holland – more advanced Mercantilism Exports, home production protected – mother country Dependent areas (COLONIES) supply raw materials; forced to trade only w/mother country A System of International Inequality Permanent state of dependence But peasants mostly unaffected Forced labor - widespread - + demand

Not all areas of world affected East Asia self-sufficient How much of the world participated in the global Economy? Not all areas of world affected East Asia self-sufficient China uninterested in world economy -keep Europeans out Japan - open initially BUT closes trade w/Europe 17th - 19th centuries W. Europe – Expansionist Trend Mughal Empire in decline British, French move in Eastern Europe Exports grain to the West

French, British and Dutch Holdings Colonial Expansion British & French North America: Backwater Colonies French, British and Dutch Holdings

*Different pattern from Latin America Religious refugees – Protestants Note one difference between Latin American colonization & North American colonization British North America *Different pattern from Latin America Religious refugees – Protestants Land grants – economic motives Native pop. not enslaved – rebel/die of disease; African slaves imported Canada - French establish estates Controlled by state Only French Catholics allowed to migrate 1763 – French cede Canada & Mississippi to British – after losing Seven Years War *Little merging of natives and immigrants *Enlightenment ideas popular North America and Western Civilization European-style family European economic, political ideas

Latin America Spain/ Portugal P-direct control E-mining – all goods went through Seville, Spain; lacked banking system S – natives/mestizos treated poorly; Spain – no slaves imported Brazil – imports slaves Strict social hierarchy; Spaniards marry native women Religion - Catholicism North America British/French P-British – land grants Fr-direct control E- mercantilism; trade controlled by Dutch/British East India Companies; banking system – loans to entrepreneurs S – natives treated poorly by GB Fr – allied w/native Americans Br – slaves imported Fr – no slaves imported British do not intermarry w/native Br – Protestant Fr - Catholic

Write one effect of colonialization on each of the following: Africa and Asia: Coastal Trading Stations Barriers: climate, disease, geography Angola - Portuguese slaving expeditions South Africa 1652 - Dutch found Cape Town Settlers move into interior Conflicts with natives Philippines Spain – conversion Indonesia Dutch East India Company Also Taiwan briefly India - French and British fight for control 1744 - war begins; British victorious Write one effect of colonialization on each of the following:

Effects of Colonial Expansion on Europe & colonies Impact of Colonial Expansion on western Europe Hostilities between countries exacerbated b/c of competition over colonies Seven Years’ War -First global war -Columbian Exchange – longer life spans; lower child mortality rates in Europe The Impact of a New World Order Effects of Slave trade on Africa - Effects of slavery on Latin America Effects of serf system on eastern Europe Effects of Colonial Expansion on Europe & colonies