Do Now & Homework  Pass up your test corrections – and if you were absent, I will hand them back to you to be completed by THURSDAY. HOMEWORK: Define these words in your notebook pg : 1. Muhammad 2. Abu Bakr 3. Caliph 4. Five Pillars

BIG Ideas of the Muslim World  Included lands and peoples from parts of three continents.  Kept, mixed and spread the cultures of classical Greece, Roman, India and other civilizations.  Enjoyed a golden age with advances in art, literature, math and science.  Spread new learning to Christian Europeans.

The Spread of Islam  Islam arose in the Arabian in the early 600s.  Muhammad, founder of Islam, died in 632.  Abu Bakr was elected first caliph, or successor.  Abu Bakr conquered:  Byzantine & Persian Empires = early 600s  North Africa = mid to late 600s  Spain and Sicily = early 700s  India = early 700s-1200s  Southeast Asia = 1200s

Reasons for Success  Arabs were strong fighters.  Byzantine & Persian empires were weak from fighting each other.  Muslims were united by their belief in Islam.  Muslim rulers treated their conquered kindly, many turning to Islam.

Do Now & Homework  State in your notebook TWO of FOUR reasons why Islam was successful. HOMEWORK: On loose leaf, page 222 # 5, 9, 14 BOTH QUESTION AND ANSWER

Islamic Law  Sharia – Islamic system of laws  Regulated moral behavior, family life, business, government, and other areas of community life.  Laws united the Muslims.  Sharia did not separate religious and worldly matters.

Divisions within Islam  After Muhammad’s death, followers split into two groups: 1. Sunni 2. Shiite  Sunnis believed that caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders.  Sunnis believed did not view the caliph as a religious authority.  Shiites believed that only descendants of the prophet Muhammad should be his successors.  This split still exists today in the branches of Christianity.

Social Patterns  Arabs considered themselves superior to non- Arabs.  Arabs could move up in social order (pyramids), especially religious, scholarly or military achievements.  Islamic leaders imposed a special tax on non- Muslims, but allowed people to practice their own faiths.  Slavery of other countries worked as house servants or craftspeople.  Enslaved people could buy their freedom.  Children could be saved from slavery if a slave converted to Islam.

Women in Islam  The Qur’an protected women of this time.  Daughters could not be killed and protected rights of widows.  Women could inherit rights, could be educated and consent to marry freely, however, less rights than men.  In Byzantine and Persia, women wore veils and secluded themselves in home, depending on their social class.

Muslim Empires  Umayyad dynasty – spread Islam to the Atlantic in the west and Indus Valley in the east, based in Damascus, and caused tension between Sunnis & Shiites, and Arabs vs. non-Arabs.  Abbassid dynasty – captured Damascus and moved court to Baghdad, ending Arab domination of Islam.  900s – Seljuk Turks adopted Islam and built their empire.  1200s – Mongols destroyed Baghdad.

Do Now & Homework  What rights did Islamic women have? STATE 2 or 3 ideas.

Islamic Golden Age Art  Use beautiful writing and patterns to decorate  buildings and art  Adapt Byzantine domes and arches  Paint people and animals in nonreligious art Literature  Consider Quran most important piece of Arabic  literature  Chant oral poetry  Collect stories from other people Learning Medicine  Translate writings of Greek philosophers  Develop algebra  Observe Earth turning and measure its  Circumference Medicine  Require doctors to pass difficult tests  Set up hospitals with emergency rooms  Study diseases and write medical books

Advancements of the Muslims  Muslim empires had many libraries and universities.  Muslim architects were influenced on Byzantine domes and arches.  Muslim leader forbid artists to portray God or human figures in religious art.  Calligraphy was used for their writing and art.  Muslims wrote poetry and stories, and important philosophers.

Advancements Continued  Muslims pioneered the study of algebra.  Muslim astronomers observed the Earth’s rotation and calculated the circumference of the Earth within a few thousand feet.  Doctors were tested and hospital were set up.  Muslims traded, manufactured and had lots of agriculture.  In trade, Muslims set up partnerships, credit, and banks to exchange different kinds of currency ($$)

Christian Europe Enriched  In Spain, Muslims were called Moors, continued accepting other religions and hired Jewish officials and encouraged Christian students to study Greek thought.  In Sicily, Muslims provided effective government, and Arab merchants and farmers helped the economy grow.