The Integumentary System SKIN HAIR NAILS

Skin Diagram Draw and color a cross-section diagram of the skin. Label and briefly describe each of the following structures: Epidermis Artery Dermis Vein Subcutaneous fascia Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Hair shaft Sudoriferous gland Arrector pili muscle Nerve Pores

Sebaceous (oil) gland Pore Hair Epidermis Sudoriferous (sweat) gland Dermis Nerve Sub-cutaneous fascia Artery Hair follicle Arrector pilli muscle Vein

Functions of the Skin Protection - From ultraviolet rays and pathogens - Holds moisture in Sensory Perception - Pain, pressure, temperature, and touch Body Temperature Regulation - Blood vessels dilate to release heat and constrict to conserve heat - Cool body through evaporation of sweat

Storage - Fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts Absorption - Some medications Excretion - Salt, excess water, and some wastes eliminated through the sweat Production - Produces Vitamin D

Pigmentation Melanin: a brownish-black pigment Carotene: a yellowish-red pigment * The amounts of these two pigments determine a person’s skin color

Abnormal Colors of the Skin Albino : the absence of pigmentation Erythema : reddish color of skin Jaundice : yellow discoloration of skin

Cyanosis : a bluish discoloration of the skin due to a lack of oxygen

Skin Eruptions Macules : flat spots on the skin

Papules : firm raised areas Vesicles : fluid-filled sacs or blisters

Pustules : pus-filled sacs Crusts : areas of dried pus and blood (scabs)

Wheals : itchy, elevated areas with an irregular shape Ulcer : a deep loss of skin surface

Decubitus Ulcers (Bedsores) Open sores in the skin and underlying tissues due to pressure over a bony area Cuts off the blood supply and the tissue dies

Diseases Acne : an inflammation of the sebaceous glands - Caused by a blockage of the hair follicles with dirt, cosmetics, excess oil, and/or bacteria

Alopecia : baldness; a permanent loss of hair on the scalp

Verrucae : rough, hard, elevated, rounded surface forms on the skin - warts - Caused by a viral infection of the skin

Skin Cancers : - Forms that are usually localized – don’t spread to other areas of body Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma

Skin Cancers Form that CAN spread to other parts of the body and be fatal Malignant Melanoma

Signs of Malignant Melanoma Asymmetrical in shape Borders of lesion are scalloped or irregular Colors are varied – black, brown, white, red Diameter is larger than a pencil eraser