1 PowerPoint ® to accompany Second Edition Ramutkowski  Booth  Pugh  Thompson  Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Medical Assisting Chapter 24

2 Objectives 24-1Spell, define, and correctly use the Key Terms in this chapter. 24-2List the functions of skin. 24-3Explain the role of skin in regulating body temperature. 24-4Describe the layers of skin and the characteristics of each layer. 24-5Explain the factors that affect skin color. The Integumentary System

3 Objectives (cont.) 24-6List the accessory organs of the skin and describe their structures and functions. 24-7Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of various types of skin cancer Describe the appearance, causes, and treatments of common skin disorders. 24-9Explain the ABCD rule and its use in evaluating melanoma. The Integumentary System

List the different types of burns and describe their appearance and treatments Describe the signs, symptoms, causes, and treatments of other skin disorders and diseases Describe the different patterns of inheritance Describe the signs and symptoms of various genetic conditions Describe the locations and characteristics of the four main tissue types. The Integumentary System Objectives (cont.)

5 Introduction  Integumentary system consists of skin and its accessory organs.  Accessory organs:  Hair follicles  Nails  Skin glands Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ.

6 Functions of Integumentary System  Protection  Body temperature regulation  Vitamin D production  Sensation  Excretion

7 Structure of Skin Epidermis  Stratum corneum  Stratum basaleDermis Hypodermis Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

8 Skin Color  Determined by amount of melanin in the epidermis of skin  Range from yellowish to brownish  The more melanin the darker the skin color

9 Common Skin Disorders  Alopecia – results in hair loss  Cellulitis – inflammation of connective tissue in skin  Dermatitis – inflammation of skin or a rash  Eczema – chronic dermatitis  Folliculitis – inflammation of hair follicles

10 Common Skin Disorders (cont.)  Herpes simplex  Herpes simplex – Type 1 and 2  Herpes zoster  Herpes zoster – shingles  Impetigo  Impetigo – oozing skin lesions that eventually crust over  Psoriasis  Psoriasis – inherited autoimmune disorder  Scabies  Scabies – contagious skin condition caused by mites

11 Apply Your Knowledge What is alopecia?

12 Answer Apply Your Knowledge - Answer Alopecia results in hair loss What is alopecia?

13 Cancers  Basal cell carcinoma – progresses slowly and rarely spreads to other body parts  Squamous cell –more likely to spread to surrounding tissues  Malignant melanoma – more aggressive; occurs anywhere Most arise from melanocytes

14 Cancers (cont.) Signs and symptoms:  New growth or sore that will not heal  Waxy, smooth, red, pale, flat, or lumpy  May or may not bleed Treatment:  Curettage and electrodessication  Mohn’ surgery  Cryosurgery  Laser therapy Basal Cell Carcinoma

15 Cancers (cont.) Signs and symptoms:  Arises from flat cells of the epidermis Treatment:  Same as for basal cell carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma

16 Signs and Symptoms:  Arise from melanocytes  Appear on trunk, head, neck of men  Appear on arms and legs of women  Itches or bleeds Treatment:  Surgery & biopsy  Removal of cancerous lymph nodes  Chemotherapy  Radiation therapy  Immunotherapy Cancers (cont.) Melanoma

17 Stages of Melanoma:  Stage O – only found in epidermis  Stage I – spread to epidermis and dermis (1 to 2 mm thick)  Stage II – 2 to 4 mm thick plus ulceration  Stage III – spread to one or more lymph nodes  Stage IV – spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma Cancers (cont.)

18 ABCD Rule to Evaluate Melanoma A A – Asymmetry:the mole should not become asymmetrical B B – Border should not become irregular C C – Color should not change or become a mixture of colors D D – Diameter should not grow larger than the diameter of a pencil eraser

19 Apply Your Knowledge The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma?

20 Answer Apply Your Knowledge - Answer Stage IV has spread to other body organs or lymph nodes far from original melanoma. The physician told you that the patient in room three has stage IV melanoma. As you walk back to her room, what should you remember about stage IV melanoma?

21 Accessory Organs of Skin Hair follicles Hair follicles –  Tube-like depressions in the dermis of skin, generate hairs Sebaceous glands  Oil glands that produces sebum to keep hair softNails  Protect the ends of fingers and toes

22 Accessory Organs of Skin (cont.) Sweat glands  Located in the dermis of skin  Eccrine – produce watery type of sweat  Apocrine – produces thicker type of sweat

23 Burns  Second leading cause of accidental death in the U.S.  Rule of Nines is used to determine severity (degree) of burn  Burn severity:  First - degree  Second - degree  Third - degree

24 Treatment of Burns  Do not remove anything sticking to the burn  Do not apply butter, lotions, or ointments  Cool with large amounts of water  Cover with sterile sheet or plastic bag

25 Apply Your Knowledge Using Figure 24-5, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his anterior face, and both arms. Click for Figure 24-5 Rule of Nines

26 Rule of Nines Back

27 Answer Apply Your Knowledge - Answer Head = 9% Both arms, hands, and shoulders = 18% + 18% 9% + 18% + 18% = 45% Using Figure 24-5, determine burn severity for a patient who has burnt his head and both arms.

28 Summary Medical Assistant Skin is the body’s outer covering and its largest organ. You need to have knowledge of the integumentary system in order to assist the physician to care for patients with diseases of the skin.

29 End of Chapter