Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Chapter 9.

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Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Chapter 9

Introduction Jazz musicians began to experiment with more complex, often less danceable rhythms Because this new brand of music was more difficult, if not impossible to dance to, the mainstream public lost interest and jazz became a “high art”

Bebop Named after scat syllables Pioneered by John “Dizzy” Gillespie and Charlie Parker

Dizzy Gillespie 1917 trumpet born South Carolina DLpMwhttp:// DLpMw

Charlie Parker 1920 Saxophone Born Kansas City Both moved to New York and formed a quintet together

Characteristics of Bebop Smaller ensembles Music became more abstract Tempos sped up or slowed down Too fast/slow to dance to More interesting chord progressions and modulations Melodies were usually complex lines made of eighth notes

Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gilliespie- Koko 6GI70 6GI70

Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Birth of Cool Jazz

Claude Thornhill leader of Claude Thornhill Orchestra Gil Evans + Gerry Mulligan - arrangers Frequently used French horns and tuba Miles Davis was recruited to lead the band

Miles Davis 1926 Trumpet Released The Birth of the Cool – met with little popular appeal at first but has turned out to be a tremendously influential album Video 25 minutes long o3DRwlFO4http:// o3DRwlFO4

The Miles Davis Quintet 00:00 to 10:40 - So What (composed by Miles Davis from the album Kind Of Blue)00:0010:40 Miles Davis with the Gil Evans Orchestra 10:41 tp 14:04 - The Duke (composed by Dave Brubeck from the album Miles Ahead)10:4114:04 14:05 to 19:57 - Blues For Pablo (composed by Gil Evans from the album Miles Ahead)14:0519:57 19:58 to 24:21 - New Rhumba (composed by Ahmad Jamal from the album Miles Ahead)19:5824:21

Characteristics of Cool Jazz Lighter tone quality Cool, detached sound quality

Cool Jazz turned out to be a hit with college-age youth in the early 1950’s it combined a soft unimposing sound with intellectual content allowed the consumer to contemplate it deeply or relegate it to the background without it being overwhelming because of this it found its way into coffee shops and bars near college campuses

Dave Brubeck Piano Formed the Dave Brubeck quartet in 1951 Gained popularity by playing college campuses Two of his best known songs are in odd time signatures Take Five

Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Bossa Nova

Bossa Nova means new beat Pioneered by Stan Getz and Joao Gilberto – they released their first album together in 1963 Combination of Brazilian music and Jazz Specifically a combination of a slow samba and the complex chord progressions of bebop Brazilian music combines cultural roots of Portuguese, African and native South American inhabitants

Characteristics of bossa nova Lyrics are sophisticated and romantic Tempo and rhythmic feel is danceable Complex chord progressions Light tonal quality The Girl from Ipanema (Gilberto and Getz)

Popular Styles in Jazz since the Swing Era Jazz Fusion, Free Jazz and Smooth Jazz

Jazz Fusion Blend of jazz and rock Notable practitioners Herbie Hancock h4 h4 Miles Davis Josef Zawinul - “In A Silent Way”

Free Jazz Sounds dissonant and rambling to the average listener Spontaneous improvising Little or no regard for prescribed form, melody or chords Notable practitioner John Coltrane – tenor saxophone DsQWYhttp:// DsQWY

Smooth Jazz Soothing, romantic and classy Notable practitioners David Sanborn – saxophone – Kenny Gorelick – soprano saxophone – NM NM George Benson – guitar – Commercial music - has kept jazz alive to the larger public