East Timor PMESII-PT SGT Bray, Joshua Information Brief 22April2015 -----------------------

Purpose: Present information on East Timor Agenda Purpose and Agenda Purpose: Present information on East Timor Agenda Physical Historical Background MESII-P Strategic Relevance Questions and Comments

Physical Location: Southeast Asia Area: 15,007 sq km, Capital: Dili Boundaries: Indonesia by land to the west / Australia by sea to the south Terrain: Rolling hills / Mountainous to the west and north / Southern coast is flat / Rivers dry up during the dry season and during the wet season lots of floods Diseases: AIDS/HIV, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Hepatitis A+B, Typhoid, Rabies, Japanese Encephalitis, Maternal Deaths also prevalent, Chikungunya, Dengue (Urban areas). Climate: Wet Season (Nov-May) with heavy flooding; Dry Season (Jun-Oct); South of the Central Mountain Range receives heavier rainfall 22.7% ARABLE LAND, however the forests have paid the price; use slash and burn agriculture techniques

Physical Cont DILI MT. Tatamailau

Historical Background 1509 Colonized by Portugal 1568 Dutch Traders arrive to Timor 1642-1859 Netherlands, Portugal, and native Timorese People Fight for control of area 1859 Treaty of Lisbon signed and separated the island: East (Portugal) and West (Dutch) 1975 Carnation Revolution 1975 FRETLIN, UDT, and APODETI were formed 1975 East Timor Win and Lose Independence 1976 East Timor is officially a province of Indonesia 1999 Indonesia relinquished control of the country to UN - Carnation Revolution> Military Coup in Portugal; Portugal withdrew troops and most Government officials from African Colonies and East Timor - Timorese wanted to be an independent nation and Indonesia believed they were going to be a Communist nation

Historical Background 2002 East Timor is independent country 2004 Major Reduction in UN Staff 2006 600 Troops left the F-FDTL / Riots / UN Returns 2007-2009 UN Police and East Timor gangs and militias clash 2009 UN Police handed over first district since 2007 to Police 2011 Use of Petroleum Fund / UN handover

Constitution based off of Portuguese Legislative Branch Political Democratic Republic Constitution based off of Portuguese Legislative Branch 65 members; 88 members Executive branch President >Prime Minister>Ministers / Ministries Judicial Branch Judicial System Monitoring Programme Political Parties / Interest Parties FRETLIN and CNRT Chinese Entrepreneurs and Catholic Church JSMP is an NGO who monitors and runs the Judicial system throughout the country. Foreign Judges

National Police Force (PNTL) National Intelligence System Military Armed Forces Army F-FDTL Navy ISF Force 2020 National Police Force (PNTL) National Intelligence System - The constitution states the army is allotted 3000 troops, 1500 active and 1500 reserve. However only 1300 soldiers are currently enlisted. 2 BNs (Baucau and Metinaro), one HQ. Navy is allotted 300 and at 250. Funded by the Chinese and given 2 boats by the Chinese. International Stabilization Force 400 soldiers from NZ and AUS Force 2020 plan with three pillars Troop Management, Conscription, and Equipment procurement (Helicopters, Armored Assault Vehicles, NVG’s etc.) Problem; Australia funds all of logistics for Armed Forces, How will they sustain this equipment into the future? PNTL and FFDTL have overlapping roles for Policing.

Currency: American Dollar and Centavos Economy Currency: American Dollar and Centavos Poverty Rate- 41% of population lives in poverty Agriculture Exports/Imports Petroleum Fund Succo Housing Plan Economy still suffers from lack of infrastructure, training, and non-oil based economy Sustenance Agriculture mainly Exports: Oil, Coffee, Sandalwood, Marble Imports: Food, Gasoline, Kerosene, Machinery Petroleum Fund> Money from natural gas is put into this fund. Invested abroad and can only be used if ok’d by parliamentary The Succo Housing plan was designed for the poverty stricken peoples of East Timor in Villages. The Government spent 87 million Dollars on 55,000 prefabricated houses. To Date only 5,000 homes have been constructed. When these houses were built, they were built in cleared forests instead of near the hamlets. Couldn’t access clean water for their toilets, not enough land for their farms to live off, and due to the harsh weather of the rainy season, some of the houses were destroyed. Locals not used for Labor and local resources not found for the building of homes.

Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Women’s Rights Social Ethnic Goups: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority Language Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Women’s Rights Abortion/contraception 5.11 babies in E.T. ; 2.07 babies in U.S. (Cia World Factbook) Literacy Rates, Children under the age of 5 underweight Goal of 1 doctor / 1000 people ; .7/1000 in E.T ; 2.45/1000 in US Cuba Various killer diseases - Big rift between the Government/social elites who speak Portuguese and the common people and younger generation who speak Tetem, some English and sometimes another dialect. Religion effects the laws throughout the country. I.E. it is against the law to use contraception and get an abortion. However on average women have 5.11 children. Literacy rate 58% and the number one in the world for children under the age of five who are underweight

Infrastructure Lacks adequate roads, electricity, water, waste facilities, and hospitals Succo Housing Project Portugal Telecom Education - 2 power plants built in 2013 to provide power to 90% of the country / 1/3 pop don’t have clean drinking water, 2/3 do not have access to adequate sanitation ( / People get hurt or sick go to hospital, Ambulances, Horses, contracted helicopter, or boating service, if serious sent to INDO, Aus, or Singapore (2010) Portugal Telecom / Timor Telecom has put in millions of dollars into the telecommunications industry in Timor-Leste Education getting better AUSAID, NZAID, UNICEF

Radio, Television, Newspaper Censorship Telecom Timor Information Radio, Television, Newspaper Censorship Telecom Timor 1 station in each of the administrative districts and 20 community radio stations 1 ISP/ Timor Telecom, however the Aussies have a satellite internet service but until the license for the use of the satellite changes they will not fall within the threshhold

Relevance to US Security Strategic “…the United States will continue to support the advance of security, development, and democracy in Asia and the Pacific” (NSS 2015) Building Partnership with Indonesia “We seek cooperation on shared regional and global challenges such as climate change, public health, economic growth” (NSS 2015)

References Questions