 States  International organizations Intergovernmental Organizations  Global, regional Nongovernmental Organizations  Global, regional, national, local  Multinational corporations (MNCs)  Nations  Religious groups  Terrorist networks  Leaders, prominent individuals ¤

 MNCs  IGOs IMF WB GATT  WTO OECD G8  now G20G20  NGOs Representation by GS Representation on behalf of GS

Global North  Advanced Industrialized Countries  ~ 33 countries Global South  ~162 countries  = 83 % of world  Very diverse Emerging Economies Countries in Transition (CITs) Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) ¤

Global North Source: IMF AustraliaSwedenSan Marino GermanyCanadaUnited Kingdom MaltaIcelandDenmark South KoreaNorwayItaly AustriaSwitzerlandSingapore GreeceCyprusUnited States NetherlandsIrelandFinland SpainPortugalJapan BelgiumLuxembourgSlovakia SloveniaCzech RepublicFrance New ZealandIsraelEstonia *Hong Kong, Taiwan

5 Categories of the Global South

Who are they? Growth Greater % of people =middle class (>$10/day) cfm?story_id=

Emerging Economies Source: IMF BrazilPolandHungary MexicoSouth AfricaMexico ChileChinaColombia ArgentinaBulgariaIndonesia MalaysiaMoroccoPakistan PeruPhilippinesRomania RussiaThailandTurkey Czech RepublicSlovakia United Arab Emirates EstoniaLatvia, Lith,

2. Countries in Transition (CITs)Countries in Transition Central and Eastern European (East bloc Soviet satellites) Former Soviet Republics (FSRs) Growth rates differ

6= Emerging (Czech Rep., Slovakia, Slovenia, Poland, Hungary, Russia)

3. Quasi-states Not self-sufficient 138 of 194 states= 71% are quasi-states global-northsouth-division-in-the-demic- framework

4. Least Developed Countries (LLDCs)Least Developed Countries (LLDCs) US (GDP per capita=ranks 10th) at ~$46,500 Average GDP per capita of LLDCs at $750  Burundi, Congo, Somalia at $200 GDP per capital  Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) 40 countries, with 29 of those located in sub-Saharan Africa Africa Debt relief- HIPCs qualify  36 accepted full or partial relief ~$72 B Reliance on single cash crops  Cotton accounts for 46% of Mali’s exports Cotton

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Source: WB AfghanistanBeninBoliviaBurkina Faso BurundiCameroonCentral African Republic Republic of Congo Dem. Rep. of CongoEthiopiaThe GambiaGhana Guinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHonduras LiberiaMadagascarMalawiMali MauritaniaMozambiqueNicaraguaNiger RwandaSao Tome Principe SenegalSierra Leone TanzaniaTogoUgandaZambia ChadComorosCote d’IvoireGuinea EritreaSomaliaSudan

Global NorthGlobal South IndustrializedFew industrialized Donors of foreign aidRely on foreign aid Well-developed physical infrastructure Poorly developed physical infrastructure Exporters of technologyRely on technology imports Economic diversity: merchandise & service Rely on primary resources Extract resourcesRely on GN to process raw goods Well-developed civil institutions Poorly-developed institutions

 Political  Security  Economic  Socio-cultural  Environmental  Health  Energy ¤

Zero-sum Outcome Win/lose Positive-sum Outcome Win/win ¤