Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network Management Chapter 18

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives Describe how configuration management documentation enables you to manage and upgrade a network efficiently Conduct network monitoring to identify performance and connectivity issues Explain how to optimize network performance

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction to network management Complicated networks are vulnerable Configuration management is necessary Configuration management prevents problems when upgrading

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Three parts to Chapter 18 Network configuration management Monitoring performance and connectivity Network performance optimization

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network configuration management

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network configuration management –Configuration management documentation –Wiring schematics or diagrams

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Configuration management documentation –Network connectivity –Baselines –Policies, procedures, and configurations –Regulations

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network connectivity –Documentation describes details about host machines and connections –Falls into three categories: Wiring schemes Network diagrams Network maps

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Wiring schemes –Wiring schemes Describes cabling and connectors in network Wiring standards used (CAT5, 568A, fiber, and so on) Connectors for PCs, switches, and routers

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.1 Wiring scheme detail on the TIA/EIA standard used throughout the network

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network diagrams –Show network devices and how they connect –Physical runs –Define types of connections –Routers, switches, servers, CSU/DSU, etc. –Created by network administrator Using standardized network topology icons Using software utility like MS Visio

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.2 network diagram

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.3 Sample network topology icons

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.4 Visio in action

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network maps –Go deeper into the individual components of the network –Documents: IP addresses Ports Protocols –Can be created with Nmap or other software

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.5 Network map

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.6 My network in pictures

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.7 Router close up

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Baselines –Benchmark of when everything is working correctly –Commit to creating often and comparing –Log of performance indicators CPU usage Network utilization Other performance measurements Windows Performance Monitor

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Policies –Acceptable use policy What people can and cannot do with network hardware and software –User training –Security policy Level of access for employees Password complexity and much more

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Procedures –What to do When upgrading components When adding new user accounts

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Configurations –How software should be configured –How hardware should be configured –Results of the procedures

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.8 Section of show startup-config

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Regulations –Rules governing behavior in the workplace –How to keep network and people safe and productive –Included in configuration management documentation

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Change management documentation –CompTIA separates detailed overview of network from how to upgrade it –Normally these are combined into the change management documentation –Consult documentation before major changes

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monitoring performance and connectivity

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monitoring tasks –Create baselines –Ongoing monitoring –Various logs

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monitoring tools –Windows Performance Monitor (PerfMon) Monitors behavior of hardware and software Monitors locally or remotely

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Configuring Performance Monitor –Objects System components CPU, memory, disk drives, etc. –Counters A measurable feature of an object –Views A variety of ways of presenting information Real-time or logged

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Configuring Performance Monitor (cont.) –Add counters and objects –For logging, must add entire object –Monitor local or remote computer –Save log files for a snapshot of a point in time

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 18.9 The real-time monitoring tool in Performance Monitor in Windows XP

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure The real-time monitoring tool in Performance Monitor in Windows 7

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Adding a counter in Windows 7

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Selecting a counter object in the Add Counters dialog box

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Real-time monitoring in Histogram bar view

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Monitoring a remote computer

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Selecting performance objects

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Logging data

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Selecting a log file

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Create multiple baselines –System at rest –System in use Revisit and monitor changes to baseline Log over extended periods of time Allows patterns of peak usage and idle time to be determined Use patterns to tune hosts

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Starting the wizard to create a new data collector set

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Creating a new Data Collector Set using the wizard

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Third-party network monitoring tools –Often expensive –Generate baselines –Monitor in real time –Alert administrator to problems –Can act as intrusion detection systems (IDS) –Example: IPSentry by RGE, Inc.

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure IPSentry at work

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Logs and network traffic –Administrators can use various tools on log files to Analyze network traffic to determine problem areas

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Log viewers –Windows Event Viewer –Linux stores logs in /var/log Use text editor to view –Mac OSX GUI viewer called Console

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Event Viewer in Windows 7

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Three general types of logs –General logs record updates to applications and generic events –System logs display general system and security events –History logs track the history of how a user or users access network resources, or how network resources are accessed throughout the network

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Traffic analysis in Cacti

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Network performance optimization

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview –Network admin keeps network running –Users notice problems quickly –CompTIA Network+ requirements Caching Controlling data throughput Keeping resources available

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Caching –Storing requested data in hopes it will be needed again [in the short term] –Works in many ways on a network –Reduces network workload –Dedicated cache servers available for network – reduce overall network traffic –Use Cache Array Routing Protocol to load balance

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Controlling data throughput –Most networks have limited bandwidth Growing use It will eventually get slower Latency-sensitive applications need consistent bandwidth Apps like streaming video require high bandwidth

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Pausing a video on YouTube

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Hulu.com (I love this site!)

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Methods for controlling data throughput –Throttling bandwidth Quality of Service (QoS) –Priority to certain ports –Layer 2 of the OSI model Traffic Shaping (a.k.a. bandwidth shaping) –Priority by TCP/UDP port number –Layers 3 and 7 of the OSI model

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Traffic shaping on a SOHO router

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Keeping resources available –High availability –Fault tolerance –Data backup

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Data backup –Desktop or individual server –Enterprise backup –Backup media Tape Local hard drive Networked storage

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Windows Server Backup (Hmm... is “failed” a good thing?)

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Archive bit –A.k.a. archive attribute –Key to effective backups –Turned “on” when a file is saved –Some applications turn it on when they open a file

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure The archive bit on these files is on.

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Backup programs and the archive bit –Depending on backup function selected Only backs up files with the archive bit on Backs up selected files, ignoring state of archive Turns off archive bit for every file backed up –Archive bit off means file was backed up –Archive bit on means file has been changed

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of backup –Normal backup – all selected files backed up and archive bit turned off –Copy backup – like normal but without touching the archive bit –Incremental backup – all selected files with archive bit turned on; turns off bit –Differential backup – all selected files with archive bit turned on; leaves bit as is –Daily backup – all files changed; leaves bit off

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Incremental vs. differential

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure Restoring from backups

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Backup strategies –Must meet organization’s need –Must be able to easily restore –Have a regimen What to do with backup media Rotate media –Grandfather, father, son (GFS)

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other factors in a backup strategy –Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) pro- tects against short-term power outages –Backup generator protects against long- term power outages –RAID and redundant hardware System automatically uses redundant component after a failure Works normally and buys time for administrator to replace failed component

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) –RAID 1 Data mirroring (2 disks) and duplexing (2 controllers) –RAID 5 Disk striping with distributed parity (3 minimum) –RAID 6 Adds another parity block, allowing an array of four or more drives, tolerating a loss of two

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other redundant hardware –Redundant power supplies –Redundant network connections –Cluster servers and load balancing

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Cluster servers –Multiple identical servers –If a server goes down, others pick up the load –Need cluster-aware operating system, such as Windows Server for the Enterprise

Mike Meyers’ CompTIA Network+ ® Guide to Managing and Troubleshooting Networks, Third Edition (Exam N ) © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure The Internet Movie Database