THE BRAIN STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS

 To learn features and functions of CNS  To understand the brain structure and function and how it relates to animal behavior. OBJECTIVES

BRAIN LOBES

CORPUS CALLOSUM  Deep bridge of nerve fibers  Connects L and R brain  Intercommunication b/t hemispheres is not completely understood

 Largest part of brain  Contains many folds and bumbs  Sulci vs. gyri  Corpus callosum is found b/t the L and R  Responsible for reasoning, intellectual fxn and critical thinking CEREBRUM

 Thin layer (2-5mm); largest and most anterior structure of brain  Contains 75% of neuron cell bodies in NS  Memory, attn, thought processes, language CEREBRAL CORTEX

What is the benefit of all the bumps and grooves??

CEREBELLUM  Regulates balance  body position  Posture  Muscle coordination

MEDULLA OBLONGATA  Vital Reflex center  Visceral activities:  blood pressure, respiratory  cardiac  Part of the brain stem  Injuries often fatal

PONS  b/t midbrain and medulla oblongata  Regulates rate and depth of breathing  Homeostatic mechanisms

NEURON: BASIC UNIT OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR  Behavior:  an action or series of actions performed by an organism in response to a stimulus  Response:  The organism response to the stimulus –(action or agent that causes or changes activity of organism)  Noise frightens  Bacteria causes an immune response

HOW DOES THE BODY RESPOND?  Sensory systems gather information about the environment  The info will trigger responses to the nervous system which a produces a response

CUCKOO BEHAVIOR  European cuckoos exhibit brood parasitism  Female lays eggs in a nest of another bird  Once the eggs hatch, it reacts to any other object in the nest by pushing it out…thus it receives all the parental care from the surrogate parents  Soon, it becomes larger than the parent that is trying to fee it.

INFLUENCES ON BEHAVIOR (INTERNAL VS. EXTERNAL)  Genes (Nature)  May increase the likelihood that an organism will display a behavior  Tongue rolling, nocturnal activity, aggressiveness  Environment (Nurture)  Helps to determine what traits are displayed

Natural selection  Traits are favored that increase an individual’s reproductive success.  Over time, those beneficial traits become more and more common in the population Lions  Male lions will kill all lion cubs after taking over a tribe.  Why? EVOLUTION OF BEHAVIOR

InnateLearned behavior

ANIMAL BEHAVIORS Behavioral Cycles (responds to natural cycles ) Social Behavior (Interactions with others thru) Competition And Aggression Communication (Depends on senses) Seasonal Ex: Migration Daily Ex: Circadian rhythms 1.Courtship 2.Building homes 3.Hunting 4.Protection 5.Fighting rivals Claim or protect territory 1.Visual signals 2.Chemical signals 3.Sound 4.language

 Foraging Behavior CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: SURVIVOR

 Sight CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: COMMUNICATION

CLASSES OF BEHAVIOR: REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES

LABEL THE NEURON BELOW MYELIN, NUCLEUS, DENDRITE, AXON TERMINAL, SHWANN CELL, SOMA, NODES OF RANVIER

1.Medulla oblongata located here. 2.Regulates balance 3.Cerebral cortex is located here 4.Capacity for intellectual function resides here 5.Breathing rate is regulated here 6.Has folded layers with bumps and grooves 7.Regulates posture 8.Contains the corpus collosum 9.Pons located here 10.Leads to spinal cord CEREBELLUM, CEREBRUM, OR BRAIN STEM