1. Who started the Vietnamese Nationalist Group? 2. What was the group called? 3. What two countries fought in French Indochina war? 4. What is the name of the mountain town where the French were defeated? 5. Give at least 2 negotiations of the Geneva accords? 6. Who was the leader of pro-west South Vietnam? 7. Why did the US support France? 8. Explain the Domino Theory.

Films to consider Platoon Hamburger Hill Casualties Of War The Deer Hunter Born on the 4 th of July Apocalypse Now

Vietnam long history of fighting for independence France relinquishes control of Vietnam during WWII. During WWII, Japan seizes Vietnam. Post WWII,Ho Chi Minh (Vietminh) Vietnam declares independence. France wants Vietnam colony back, US backs France France-Vietnam go to war (French-Indochina War) USA sends aid to French (domino theory) French defeated at Dien Bien Phu Geneva Accords : Communist (USSR & CHINA) Free elections, Vietnam 17 th parallel, North =Communist led by Ho Chi Minh (USSR & CHINA) Democratic(USA) South=Democratic led by Ngo Dinh Diem (USA)

France-Vietnamese cease fire Free Elections in 1956 Divided 17th parallel (temporary) CountryNorth VietnamSouth Vietnam Political Ideology CommunistDemocratic LeaderHo Chi MinhNgo Dinh Diem Supporting Nation *China* United States

China French Indo- China North Vietnam South Vietnam Laos Cambodia Thailand

Diem (South, Dem) Refused to hold election Believed Communist North would not have fair elections Knew Ho Chi Minh would win. Minh (North, Comm) Knew Popular support was in his favor Knew He had support of Southern Vietnamese Encouraged Popular uprising against Diem and U.S

North Vietnamese begin guerilla attacks against south. South Vietnamese turn against Diem (Vietcong) By 1964, 50 % South Vietnam controlled by Vietcong.

Unpopular Corrupt Discriminated against Buddhism Killed protesters Monks burned themselves North Generals wanted to overthrow Diem US agreed. New Leadership was weak US had to step in even more.

Southern Vietnamese loyal to Minh Diem uses fear & violence to deter Viet Cong CIA leads a coup d’etat to remove Diem New puppet regime in place S. Vietnam no longer fear, begin to up rise against the US Backlash = US troops facing more resistance in the South

Supported Domino Theory like Eisenhower Increased aid to Saigon Sent military advisors Sent military advisors 16,000 advisors by ,000 advisors by 1963 Sent aid & military advisors, but no troops Sent aid & military advisors, but no troops Funded and trained South Vietnamese army Send materials, not men.. Lend supplies but not soldiers.

Became President when JFK was assassinated. Defeated Barry Goldwater less than a year later (1964 election) Democrats Truman lost China to communism. Didn’t want to lose Vietnam Sent U.S. Troops to Vietnam in August of 1964.

Vietcong- Vietnamese soldiers from the south who supported a communist government. Guerilla Warfare Used booby traps Blend with civilians Used children and elderly used geography Mountains Jungle

Napalm Jellied Gasoline that exploded on impact Agent Orange Chemical that destroyed vegetation

Vietnamese Vietcong- mostly insurgents from southern Vietnam (guerilla) North Vietnamese Army NVA Supported by China Sent arms & supplies to south Ho Chi Minh Trail- Series of trails that moved weapons & supplies from northern to southern Vietnam through Laos & Cambodia United States Only strategic targets Did not full out BOMB.. Feared China or Soviet involvement. Feared China or Soviet involvement. Limits on war made it difficult to win. War of attrition- Wearing the enemy down.

Gulf of Tonkin-1964 USS Maddox attacked One-Two Punch Aug 2 - “unprovoked attack” Aug 4- appeared to be a lie “confusion” Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Congress gave all war powers to LBJ. US sends in troops to Vietnam Operation rolling thunder Operation rolling thunder First strategic bombing raids against North Vietnam

By 1968 ½ million troops in Vietnam. NVA enter the South via Ho Chi Minh Trail Series of trails in Laos & Cambodia that brought weapons and troops from the North to the South.

Vietcong and NVA launch massive attack on major S. Vietnam cities. For Vietnamese Military defeat but a moral victory. Proved Vietnamese were in it for the long haul. For the U.S. Military Victory but a psychological defeat. U.S. govt. telling Americans that victory was close but TV News showed a different reality. Credibility Gap- American public slowly losing faith in their government American public turns against the war.

Democrats in trouble Johnson highly unpopular decides not to run for re- election. Chicago- Riots ensue at Democratic Primary Bobby Kennedy’s assassination left the Dems without a real leader. Vice Pres. Hubert Humphrey is like Johnson… Republicans Nixon Southern Strategy Southern Strategy Promised to overturn Civil Rights legislation. Vietnamization Vietnamization A way out of Vietnam Prep the Vietnamese army to fight so US can go home. More people died in the jungles after 68 than had dies from 64-68

March 16, 1968 US Army soldiers Murder Rape Mutilate Vietnamese Civilians International Outrage Domestic opposition to the war. Worst US atrocity in American Military history

Nixon sends troops into Cambodia to prevent communism. Now U.S. INVADING another country War Protests explode in the U.S.A. Teach Ins…Protesting the war… US troops fire on Students protesters at Kent State University. US troops fire on Students protesters at Kent State University.

Congress opposed to continuing to spend on war. PENTAGON PAPERS 1971, revealed that every President from Eisenhower to Nixon knew that the U.S. could not win Vietnam but refused to withdraw because they did not want the loss associated with their administration Ceasefire 1972 US withdraw and South Vietnam collapses by 1975 The fall of Saigon ended the war in Vietnam. <- Americans get even more angry….

War Powers Act- War Powers Act- President no longer needs Congress to go to war (60 days) People do not trust Govt Worsened with Watergate scandal 26 th Amendment 18 yrs to vote.