British History ( origins – 1066 CE) British History ( origins – 1066 CE) Fabio Pesaresi.

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Presentation transcript:

British History ( origins – 1066 CE) British History ( origins – 1066 CE) Fabio Pesaresi

Beaker culture ► Arrived 2500 BCE ► introduced food and drinks vessels of clay ► built megalithic monuments (Stonehenge, Avebury)

Stonehenge

Celts (around 700 BCE)

► Iron instead of Bronze ► Skilled craftsmen ► Druids

Julius Caesar (55 BCE)

Roman occupation ► Claudius (41-54 CE) ► Hadrian ( CE) builds the wall against raiders from the north

Hadrian’s Wall

Roman Britain

► Roads & baths ► Cities (London, Manchester, York, Bath) ► Mining (silver) ► Urban Culture

NOlanguageNOChristianity

Toponyms CASTRA -chester, -caster Manchester, Doncaster, Chester

Bath (Aquae Sulis)

409 The Romans leave Britain no more military defense no more administration no more stable economy

King Arthur ► Fictional ► Represents the end of the Celtic world

Germanic Tribes ► Angles ► Saxons ► Jutes

The Heptarchy

Sutton Hoo (discovered 1939

Toponyms ► - ing (= folk)  Reading ► - ham (= farm)  Birmingham ► - ton (= settlement)  Southampton

Christianization St. Augustine (597) first Primate of Canterbury & Irish monks

Celtic Christianity ► based in monasteries ► Abbots instead of Bishops ► more independent from Rome Rome

Book of Kells (800 ca.)

Roman Church ► established parishes ► built churches all over England

Viking raids ► “Great Army” ► by 875 only Wessex is Anglo-Saxon. ► the Vikings attack Wessex and king Alfred flees to the Somerset marshes.

King Alfred the Great ( ) ► fought the Vikings ► built a fleet ► assembled Anglo-Saxon laws ► promoted education and scholarship ► translated Latin works into Anglo-Saxon ► encouraged the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (till 1154)

► Ethelred (d. 1016) pays the Danish Money (Danegeld) ► Canute ( ) elected king by the ‘witan’ (royal council)

Edward the Confessor ( ) ► saintly life ► Built Westminster Abbey