Outline the founding, organization, and major philosop hies of the INC from its founding in Discuss the major figures in the movement. How were the philosophies and major tenants of the IN C responses to Western Intervention in India? How was the INC an expression of Indian nationalism?

Outline the founding, organization, and major philosophies of the INC from its founding in Discuss the major fig ures in the movement.

 People were divided - Religion : Hindi VS Muslim - Social Cast : Caste System - Industrial Revolution – Conservatives & not - Different languages - Geographical No sense of “One India”

Also called congress party 1885, Dec : passes moderate reform resolutions Includes education for their sense of nationalism

British Rule - Fear, prestige, not considering people’s will, only few are centered INC - -Freedom of India, National Unity, Social equality ♥ Peaceful Action ♥

Daddabhai Naoroji Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee

Non-violence/Civil Disobedience “Boycotting” British Goods Rejecting British Culture and Education

 Response because… Violent revolts were useless in face of strong British military  Reflection on failure of Sepoy Rebellion (1857) Criticize hypocrisy of British government Kept true to Indian values – Hindu + Muslim respect for peace  For example, British rule Salt March

 Response because… Indians needed to promote and use their own products more Indians rejected to support the British gevernment finacially  For example, Ganhdi taught the Indians to resist with “noncooperation” Indians refused to pay taxes to the British government Indians were encouraged to make their own handmade cloth When tax was put on salt by the British, Gandhi led his followers on a march of 240 miles to go collect salt from the sea.

 Response because... Having strong patriotic minds Having faith(Hindu) and pride in their own culture  For example, Banning the use of English Developing India’s regional languages and literatures Rejecting British School

Nationalism: a sentiment based on common cultural charact eristics that binds a population and often produces a polic y of national independence or separatism

 The Indian National Congress expressed the idea of Indians during the British Colonial Period.  In other words, Identified what it means to be Indian Attempted to improve in India’s interest Brought together the people of the India to act “of the people, for the people, and by the people”

Of the People Instilled sense of national identity, pride, and patriotism National Identity National Pride Patriotism

For the People Help modernization – identified what reforms India needed and what traditions and culture India needed to keep Give up selfish personal interests for national interest: self government; independence

By the People Participation no matter what social, economic, gender group an Indian belonged in Hindus or Muslims alike all participated INC member or not

 Limitation Hindu/ Muslim split - INC does not fully accommodate Muslim interests, traditions Gandhi tries to overcome this  Eg. Salt March by Hindus and Muslims all alike Hindus (INC) Muslims (Muslim League)

Despite the limitation, INC attempted to… bring people together under common cult ural characteristics gain independence Therefore, INC was the leading mechanism behind Indian nationalism

 Effectiveness of INC’s approach to independence?  Religious influence on Indian nationalism – Positive? Negative?  Indian Nationalism POV Was Indian nationalism economically beneficial for the actual people of India? Were they better off with English support?  What’s more important? Strong sense of identity + self-rule or economic prosperity for all citizens