United States and Canadian History

2.1 Exploration and Colonization 1400’s Native American lived on North American continent Adapted to their environment Eastern U.S. and Canada – hunted deer , small animals and farmed Midwest – Hunted large herds of bison on Great Plains Southwest & West – hunted and gathered All pushed off of their land, died from disease and fighting the whites

European Colonization 1500s Spain – settle Florida- St. Augustine Sweden- settled what today is Delaware France- settled along the St. Lawrence River today this area is Quebec England- Jamestown, Virginia and Plymouth, Massachusetts

What were settlements like? Small People usually farmed, traded furs or did craft work Most had strong religious beliefs Slavery is brought to colonies because they needed workers European nations began to compete and this caused colonist to fight for control Great Britain eventually controls most of North America, except Mexico

2.2 Settling Quebec New France- 1534 Founded by Jacques Cartier in the St. Lawrence River valley Montreal becomes a major trading post Set up fur trade with Native Americans- very profitable- beaver hats and fur coats 1600 Samuel de Champlain built Quebec, becomes 1st major settlement of New France 1672 – Louis Jolliet & Jacque Marquette explore Mississippi River

What got in their way? Most people were farmers Climate – cold with a short growing season Soil was not rich and very rocky British competed for land and profitable trade Problems cause New France to be a small settlement with mostly men( voyageurs) Missionaries sent to convince the Native Americans to accept Christianity SO- British eventually gain control, but let Quebec retain its French culture

Great Britain in New France What did they want - to control a larger area - established a major settlement – Quebec -Wanted profits from the fur trade What got in their way? -Needed French loyalty in colonies to off set problems in their own colonies Didn’t have good relations with Native Americans SO- British use French to trade with natives, but also let them keep French culture in Quebec (Quebec Act)

2.3 Revolution & Independence

Trouble in the Colonies British government passes a laws requiring colonist to pay taxes Colonist angered, no representation in the government 1773 Boston Tea Party- colonist dump tea into Boston harbor British government passes intolerable acts 1775 Violence erupts at Lexington and Concord Revolutionary war begins

Independence 1776 1781 Declaration of Independence is written Explains why they are declaring independence List grievances against the King Asks France for help 1781 British surrender at Yorktown Washington surprises the British by surrounding them on land and by sea(French navy)

Treaty of Paris- 1783 Recognized the United States as an independent nation Sets borders of U.S.- Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River Border between Canada and U.S. Border to the South –stops at Florida Ends the revolutionary War

Lasting Effects of our Revolution France suffered economic trouble because of aid given to U.S. American revolution becomes the example for revolutions in Haiti, Central America and France Many loyal British subjects move to Canada Strained relations with the British government

United States Constitution

2.4 U.S. Constitution Based on 5 Principles Federalism Certain powers to the federal government and certain powers to the states Separation of Powers Power divided among the 3 branches Checks and balances Each branch has certain powers and can check the power of the other branches Limited government Individual rights and state governments can limit the federal governments power Democracy Government based on the rights and equality of every citizen

U.S. Government 3 Branches Legislative Executive Judicial House of Representatives- 435 members Senate- 100 members Executive President Vice president Cabinet- 15 departments Judicial Chief Justice and Associate Justices- 9 members