THE NEW DEAL and FDR 1933-1938

FDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt Struck by Polio in 1921 Elected Govern of NY in 1928 and 1930 Spoke about the “forgotten man” Politically Suave

Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt Pushed FDR to maintain political career Big leader of the female wing of the Democratic party in 1920s and early 1930s. Became the “Conscience of the New Deal” She is the most active first lady in American History

“I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.” Election 1932 “I pledge you, I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.” FDR ( Democratic Party) Hoover (Republican) FDR wins African-Americans traditionally loyal to the Republican party swung to the Democratic party

Depression 1932 25-33% Unemployment About 25% of all banks failed 25% of Farmers lost their farms Large numbers of businesses failed Loss of self-worth among millions of Americans

New Deal Begins FDR and his inner circle “Brain Trust” Cordell Hull Frances Perkins Harold L. Ickes Harry Hopkins Eleanor Roosevelt

First Hundred Days (March 9-June 16 1933 “Three R’s” Relief Recovery Reform Short-Range goals: Relief and immediate recovery (next two years) Long-Range permanent recovery and reform of current abuses 3 R’s

New Deal 1933-1938 Programs CCC WPA TVA SSA FERA NYA AAA SEC NIRA NLRB PWA FDIC

Civilian Conservation Corps March 31, 1933 Most Popular New Deal Programs Employed 2.75 Million young men (18-24) Reforestation, firefighting, flood control , swamp drainage, develop national parks Under direction of the War Department Their payment made to the family of each member

Tennessee Valley Authority May 1933 Intended to reform the power monopoly of utility companies by building hydroelectric power plants in the Tennessee Valley 20 dams build in an area of 40,000 sq. miles to stop floods and soil erosion and generate hydroelectric power

Federal Emergency Relief Administration May 12,1933 Headed by Harry Hopkins Gave $3 million to states for direct dole payments People who were unemployed were “On the Dole”

Agricultural Adjustment Administration May 12, 1933 Attempted to eliminate price-depressing surpluses by paying growers to reduce their crop acreage – subsides Federal Farm Loan Act Allocated million of dollars to help farmers meet their mortgages

National Industrial Recovery Administration June 16, 1933 Most complex and far reaching of New Deal programs was designed to prevent extreme competition, labor-management, disputes and over-production NRA Blue Eagle was displayed by merchants adhering to NRA codes with the slogan “we do our part”

Public Works Administration Created by NIRA… 1933 Harold L. Ikes Gave $4 billion state and local governments to provide jobs for 34,000 public projects Building schools, dames, government buildings, sewage systems, highways (Modernize Nations infrastructure)

Works Progress Administration May 1935 Employed nearly 9 million people on public projects Buildings bridges, hard- surfaced roads airports, schools and hospitals Total Cost: 11.4 Billion eventually employed 40% of the nation’s workers Works Progress Administration

Social Security Act August 1935 On of the most far-reaching laws ever to pass Congress Provided for federal-state unemployment insurance Provided for old-age pensions for retired workers Financed by a payroll tax on both employers and employees

National Youth Association June 1935 Created by the WPA Provided part-time jobs for high school and college students

Securities and Exchange commission 1933 Empowered to license and regulate stock exchanges as well as regulate the investment banking industry One of the most important projects of the new deal

National Labor Relations Board 1935 Known as the Wagner Act Guaranteed workers the rights to unionize and bargain collectively and would investigate any business trying to destroy labor unions.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 1933 Known as the Glass-Steagall Act Insured all savings bank deposits up $2,500 Currently the amount is $100,000

Critics of The New Deal Was not as successful as it was thought to be Did not help women and minorities as much as it helped the white man Political Right… To much of government involvement Political Left… Not enough assistance Father Charles E. Coughlin… Huey Long…

Packing the Court

Lasting Impressions Still reap benefits from the CCC (dams, buildings, national state parks etc.) TVA remains a model of government planning FDIC still guarantees bank deposits SEC still monitors the stock market AAA still helps regulate farming Social Security